Wilkinson, John Gardner; Birch, Samuel [Mitarb.]: The Egyptians in the time of the pharaohs: being a companion to the Crystal Palace Egyptian collections (London, 1857)

OG

DOMESTIC HABITS OF THE EGYPTIANS.

principle (woodcut 69, fig. 2, 3), that they might have beeza
made by a modern jeweller; but among these various objects
some are particularly worthy of remark from being very simi-
lar to those often found of Anglo-Saxon and early Irish time.
It is uncertain to what purpose they were applied, both in
Egypt and in our islands. They are of gold, silver, car-
nelian, ivory, glass, and various compositions; generally open
in the centre, with a small fissure at one side (woodcut 70^
figs. 2, 3, 4, 5), and one which appears to have been intended

(W. VO.)

for a similar purpose (fig. 1) was composed of two lobes con-
nected by a spiral shaft at the centre. They may have answered
as studs, or as fibulas.

Ornamental work of various kinds, in gold, silver, or bronze,
sometimes gilt, sometimes inlaid with other metals or precious
stones, was made in great quantities. Some had designs
chased, engraved, or punched upon them and others a sort of