Wilkinson, John Gardner; Birch, Samuel [Contr.]: The Egyptians in the time of the pharaohs: being a companion to the Crystal Palace Egyptian collections (London, 1857)

PLANTS TYPICAL OF UPPER AND LOWER EGYPT.

155

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the bottom of the papyrus stalk in nature; and this was even
introduced in the palm-tree shaft, which shows, either that the
fifth Order was of later date than the third; or, at least, that
it borrowed from it.

The papyrus column of the fourth Order had this by right;
the third and fourth representing the same plant in bud, and
in blossom: and their resemblance to the papyrus in those two
states may be readily recognised.
The triangular form of the stem is
also indicated in the shaft, as at the
Memnonium.

In the fifth Order may be included CW- i*>0
the column with a feather-like capital, often imitated in glazed
pottery, and even found in the paintings of the twelfth
dynasty (woodcut 120).

The oldest instance of a column of the fourth Order is about
the age of the eleventh dynasty.

The sixth is best known from the portico of Dendera; and
the seventh, which may be called the Composite, includes
within it columns with the most varied and highly ornamented
capitals; which increased in number under
the Ptolemies and Csesars, though still
perfectly Egyptian; and in this Order may
be classed the volute-headed column, which
was of great antiquity, at least as early as
the beginning of the eighteenth dynasty,
and which was derived from the water-plant typical of
Upper, as the papyrus was of Lower Egypt (woodcut 121,
figs. 1, 3).

There was also a fanciful pilaster, surmounted by a cow's
bead, in lieu of a capital; instances of which occur on each
side of the entrance to the tomb of Kemeses III., at Thebes;

(W. 121.)