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JERUSALEM. 115

Solomon's Pools, there is a place known as the " Well of the Steps," where a flight of steps
gives access to a subterranean chamber from sixty to seventy feet below the surface of the
valley. From this chamber a well-constructed channel cut in the rock, and varying from five
to twenty-five feet in height, leads up the valley for some distance until it terminates in a
natural cleft of the rock. A similar channel follows the bed of the valley downwards for

TOPHET, THE LOWER PORTION OF THE VALLEY OF HINNOM.
The village of Silwan on the right, and the south-east corner of the Haram wall on the left.

more than four miles, until it issues from the ground near a solid dam of masonry which
extends right across the valley. This great tunnel, to facilitate the construction of which
several shafts from sixty to seventy feet deep were sunk in the bed of the valley, was intended
to catch the flood water of the valley, the dam being probably made to retain the water or
prevent its running off before it had filtered down to the channel. There are a few small
 
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