DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.29463#0121
and Prussia. The standard consisted of a metal construction with
tong arms that were decorated with bells and tughs, one usually
being white and the other red. In German it is called the
&2M7M. Oddly enough, the modern Turkish army has begun to imitate
that German type.
THE TUGH TRADITION IN THE MODERN POLISH ARMY
Finally, I wish to devote a few words to the Polish military tughs
from the period 1918 to 1947. The Polish Army, reestablished after
World War I, endeavored to use as many traditional features as
possible. In this the cavalry played an important part. There were
troops of uhlans (the major cavalry force), of light horse, of mounted
rides, and of horse artillery, and various prizes were given for the
best trained regiments: gold and silver lances, trumpets, and also
tughs. Under special circumstances a tugh could become the prop-
erty of an elite regiment.
The research on these tughs is based upon printed military regu-
lations and old photographs. Only a few symbols of this kind have
survived in Polish collections; one of them is kept in the Military
Museum of Great Poland in Poznan, a living proof of the old ties
between the Polish and Turkish cultures.
Notes
1. Koran, sura 56, v. 4—6 and 12—24. See Z. Zygulski, Jr., "Obraz raju w sztuce
islamu" (The image of paradise in Islamic art), in On'eni: OrigH^a/izw w sziMce;
srs/Y Maa/iowe) S^owarzyszeiMa YYi^ory^dw SzhA: (Warsaw, 1986), 19—41.
2. L. F. Marsigli, S/a^o waY^are AY/YwiJiYi'M OMomawo—L'EYai miYifairg
OMomaw (The Hague, 1732) (facsimile ed. Graz, 1972). The manuscript of this
work, with many excellent drawings, is preserved in the Livrustkammaren
(Armory) of the Royal Castle in Stockholm. Already in 1576, "tails mounted
as standards" were drawn by Melchior Lorck, a Danish humanist and artist
who visited Istanbul, probably in 1555 with the embassy of Augier Ghiselin de
Busbecq. His drawings of tughs were, however, inadequate since they had no
top balls. See Melchior Lorck, drawings from the Evelyn Collection at Stonor
Park, England, and from the Department of Prints and Drawings of the Royal
Museum of Fine Arts (Copenhagen, 1962), cat. no. 9.
g. C. E. Arseven, L'Aif hire; O. Aslanapa, TtirRA A?Y a ad Arc/iiYrciMre. A passage
on tughs is to be found in Z. Zygulski, Jr., SzhAa htrecAa (Warsaw, 1988), 166—
67.
97
tong arms that were decorated with bells and tughs, one usually
being white and the other red. In German it is called the
&2M7M. Oddly enough, the modern Turkish army has begun to imitate
that German type.
THE TUGH TRADITION IN THE MODERN POLISH ARMY
Finally, I wish to devote a few words to the Polish military tughs
from the period 1918 to 1947. The Polish Army, reestablished after
World War I, endeavored to use as many traditional features as
possible. In this the cavalry played an important part. There were
troops of uhlans (the major cavalry force), of light horse, of mounted
rides, and of horse artillery, and various prizes were given for the
best trained regiments: gold and silver lances, trumpets, and also
tughs. Under special circumstances a tugh could become the prop-
erty of an elite regiment.
The research on these tughs is based upon printed military regu-
lations and old photographs. Only a few symbols of this kind have
survived in Polish collections; one of them is kept in the Military
Museum of Great Poland in Poznan, a living proof of the old ties
between the Polish and Turkish cultures.
Notes
1. Koran, sura 56, v. 4—6 and 12—24. See Z. Zygulski, Jr., "Obraz raju w sztuce
islamu" (The image of paradise in Islamic art), in On'eni: OrigH^a/izw w sziMce;
srs/Y Maa/iowe) S^owarzyszeiMa YYi^ory^dw SzhA: (Warsaw, 1986), 19—41.
2. L. F. Marsigli, S/a^o waY^are AY/YwiJiYi'M OMomawo—L'EYai miYifairg
OMomaw (The Hague, 1732) (facsimile ed. Graz, 1972). The manuscript of this
work, with many excellent drawings, is preserved in the Livrustkammaren
(Armory) of the Royal Castle in Stockholm. Already in 1576, "tails mounted
as standards" were drawn by Melchior Lorck, a Danish humanist and artist
who visited Istanbul, probably in 1555 with the embassy of Augier Ghiselin de
Busbecq. His drawings of tughs were, however, inadequate since they had no
top balls. See Melchior Lorck, drawings from the Evelyn Collection at Stonor
Park, England, and from the Department of Prints and Drawings of the Royal
Museum of Fine Arts (Copenhagen, 1962), cat. no. 9.
g. C. E. Arseven, L'Aif hire; O. Aslanapa, TtirRA A?Y a ad Arc/iiYrciMre. A passage
on tughs is to be found in Z. Zygulski, Jr., SzhAa htrecAa (Warsaw, 1988), 166—
67.
97