DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.42778#0082
44 THE ARCHITECTURE OF ANCIENT ROME.
triglyph is placed at the corner and not in the axis of the angle
column, as suggested by Vitruvius, and it is difficult to understand
why he should have objected, in a hexastyle temple, to the slight
contraction of the intercolumniation of the two angle columns,
especially as he recommends a wider intercolumniation of the two
central columns to give a freer passage to those who approach the
statues of the gods. In both the tombs at Norchia the triglyph
is placed at the extreme angle, and the same arrangement is found
in many of the sarcophagi, so that it is possible Vitruvius’s recom-
mendation was never followed. The Doric order of the Theatre
of Marcellus (Plate XIX) (the favourite example selected for
publication) is always represented as an isolated column taken from
the angle of a building or temple, instead of being a semi-detached
shaft and part of the decorative treatment of a circular building.
The echinus moulding of the capital still preserves its conic section,
if it is not really a quarter round. Another fine example is the
Doric entablature of the Basilica Aemilia, which belongs to the
Augustan period (Plate XX). In the Colosseum even this refinement
is lost, and henceforth it becomes always a quarter round, with a
few exceptions where an ogee moulding replaces the echinus (Plate
XIX). In the Theatre of Pompey a circular die of slight projection
exists under the shaft.1 In the Colosseum and in later examples
a base is generally found, the principal exceptions, which are of
much earlier date being in Pompeii (Plate XIX).
The Roman Ionic Order.
In the Republican period the Ionic capital with anted volute
is the commonest, as also in Sicily and in Corinth. Plate XXI
shows an example from Pompeii: and a similar one has recently been
found in a Republican house under the Lararium of the Flavian
palace. The projection of the volutes is much less than that found
in Greek examples. The principle examples in Rome of the Roman
Ionic capital are those of the temple of Fortuna Virilis, the Theatre
of Marcellus (Plate XIX) and of the temple of Saturn, the latter of
a very debased type. In Syria the order was occasionally employed.
At Gerasa a portion of one of the colonnaded streets and the great
circular piazza have columns and capitals of the Ionic order. From
Sulla’s time onwards, however, the classical Ionic capital of
1 The American architect, Percy Ash, ascertained by excavation in 1896
tnat there was no base in the Theatre of Marcellus, where the order rested on
a single step.
triglyph is placed at the corner and not in the axis of the angle
column, as suggested by Vitruvius, and it is difficult to understand
why he should have objected, in a hexastyle temple, to the slight
contraction of the intercolumniation of the two angle columns,
especially as he recommends a wider intercolumniation of the two
central columns to give a freer passage to those who approach the
statues of the gods. In both the tombs at Norchia the triglyph
is placed at the extreme angle, and the same arrangement is found
in many of the sarcophagi, so that it is possible Vitruvius’s recom-
mendation was never followed. The Doric order of the Theatre
of Marcellus (Plate XIX) (the favourite example selected for
publication) is always represented as an isolated column taken from
the angle of a building or temple, instead of being a semi-detached
shaft and part of the decorative treatment of a circular building.
The echinus moulding of the capital still preserves its conic section,
if it is not really a quarter round. Another fine example is the
Doric entablature of the Basilica Aemilia, which belongs to the
Augustan period (Plate XX). In the Colosseum even this refinement
is lost, and henceforth it becomes always a quarter round, with a
few exceptions where an ogee moulding replaces the echinus (Plate
XIX). In the Theatre of Pompey a circular die of slight projection
exists under the shaft.1 In the Colosseum and in later examples
a base is generally found, the principal exceptions, which are of
much earlier date being in Pompeii (Plate XIX).
The Roman Ionic Order.
In the Republican period the Ionic capital with anted volute
is the commonest, as also in Sicily and in Corinth. Plate XXI
shows an example from Pompeii: and a similar one has recently been
found in a Republican house under the Lararium of the Flavian
palace. The projection of the volutes is much less than that found
in Greek examples. The principle examples in Rome of the Roman
Ionic capital are those of the temple of Fortuna Virilis, the Theatre
of Marcellus (Plate XIX) and of the temple of Saturn, the latter of
a very debased type. In Syria the order was occasionally employed.
At Gerasa a portion of one of the colonnaded streets and the great
circular piazza have columns and capitals of the Ionic order. From
Sulla’s time onwards, however, the classical Ionic capital of
1 The American architect, Percy Ash, ascertained by excavation in 1896
tnat there was no base in the Theatre of Marcellus, where the order rested on
a single step.