DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.5065#0052
12 ADDITIONAL NOTES.
in that way to have opened a new career to the arts, if other circumstances leading to such a
transition had not pre-existed. If, for example, the religious belief of the Athenians had
tolerated in his time no other figure of their goddess, but that worshipped by their forefathers,
of which the Pallas from one of the pediments of the yEgina-temple may be looked upon as a
fair example, (the type of such an archaic Pallas was well known from other monuments,
and also by many coins, long previous to the excavations of ^Egina in 1811)—if that had
been the case, it is evident that Phidias could never have produced such an image of the
goddess of Athens, as the great chryselephantine statue in the Parthenon must necessarily have
been. It would have been totally different. As for the heads of the bas-reliefs of the
temple of Phigaleia, the indifference, or the want of expression, observable in them, appears
to me to have arisen from quite another cause. I shall endeavour to prove, in another
place, that this frieze, as a subordinate ornament of architecture, and intended for a place
elevated nearly twenty-two feet above the eye of the beholder, had, probably, been made
at Athens by different artists, and after simple designs or cartoons upon compositions exe-
cuted elsewhere ; and that it is principally to this reason that the want of expression in
the heads, as well as some other faults in the execution, must be attributed.
Note III. See page 8.
It is for this reason that we sometimes find (as for example in II. XI. 15) Z,uvvv<r9ai
and Z,o)<ra<j%ai in the sense of SwprjfraeaSrai, KaSonXiZEa-Sai, to arm one's self; a signification
which gave rise to the surname of Athene ZuxrrripLa (who arms, or armed, herself). On
this point Pausanias may be consulted, lib. IX. cap. 17, § 2, where he expressly says :
to Se ivSvvai ra ovrXa eicdXovv apa ol iraXcuol ZajrraaOai (compare Winchelmann's Description
des pierres gravees de M. de Stosch, p. 62-63, and Siebelis Adnott, ad Pausan. lib. IX. 1. 1.
p. 56). Homer remarks as a peculiarity of the armour of the Lycians, commanded by Sarpedon,
that they were without the fiirpa, " a/xirpoxircovsQ" (Iliad. XVI. 419). See also the following
passages of Homer, on the belt and the band : Iliad. IV. 135 ; V. 537 foil, and 857 ; X. 74
and foil. ; XI. 234 ; XVII. 519 ; and XX. 413 and foil. From this last passage it might be
thought, that the belt (K^i'v, K^f-ui) was buckled behind the back ; and it is thus that Heyne
has understood it. It is sufficiently proved by II. IV. 135 and foil, that it buckled above the
lower part of the cuirass, whilst the fiirpa was placed below, viz. under the cuirass. The manner
in which the fiirpa was applied, is apparent on many ancient Greek terra-cotta vases. It may be
looked upon as having been used by the ancient Greeks instead of calecons, and was, at least
very often, and when the man was armed for battle, attached to a bronze plate, quite separate
from the cuirass, and which covered the abdomen of the warrior. As that piece of ancient
Greek armour is seldom to be met with, at least not in an unbroken state, I have had enoraved
a very fine specimen of it, which I acquired in the island of Eubcea, and which is now
in the Cabinet des Antiques of the Royal Library at Paris. The engraving,5 which shews both
the outside (A. B.) and inside (C. D.) surfaces of this curious plate, is exactly of the size of the
original. The inner side, C. D. is provided with fifteen great and thirteen small spheroidal
cavities, the purpose of which was to receive the elastic lining, probably of leather stuffed
with wool or cotton ; which, when the apparatus was tightly strapped, secured the body from
being injured by the pressure of the plate itself. The extremity, C. g. h., the sides of
which are bent inwardly, shews the manner in which the leathern strap, which kept the fiirpa
and its front-plate steady, was there attached. This strap, which must not be confounded with
the Z,mvt), went of course under the cuirass, around the waist of the warrior, and was fur-
nished with a brass or iron ring, which hooked into the other extremity, D, of the plate.
Note IV. See page 10.
It appears to me necessary to prove this assertion by some examples. When Aga-
memnon (II. X.) full of anxiety and unable to sleep, quits his tent in the night, and
goes to seek Nestor to consult with him, he puts on only (verse 21 and foil.) his tunic, his
sandals, and a large lion's hide, and takes a lance in his hand. In the same manner (v. 29
and foil.), when a similar restlessness causes Menelaos to sally forth in the night-time, he
5 See Plate VII.
in that way to have opened a new career to the arts, if other circumstances leading to such a
transition had not pre-existed. If, for example, the religious belief of the Athenians had
tolerated in his time no other figure of their goddess, but that worshipped by their forefathers,
of which the Pallas from one of the pediments of the yEgina-temple may be looked upon as a
fair example, (the type of such an archaic Pallas was well known from other monuments,
and also by many coins, long previous to the excavations of ^Egina in 1811)—if that had
been the case, it is evident that Phidias could never have produced such an image of the
goddess of Athens, as the great chryselephantine statue in the Parthenon must necessarily have
been. It would have been totally different. As for the heads of the bas-reliefs of the
temple of Phigaleia, the indifference, or the want of expression, observable in them, appears
to me to have arisen from quite another cause. I shall endeavour to prove, in another
place, that this frieze, as a subordinate ornament of architecture, and intended for a place
elevated nearly twenty-two feet above the eye of the beholder, had, probably, been made
at Athens by different artists, and after simple designs or cartoons upon compositions exe-
cuted elsewhere ; and that it is principally to this reason that the want of expression in
the heads, as well as some other faults in the execution, must be attributed.
Note III. See page 8.
It is for this reason that we sometimes find (as for example in II. XI. 15) Z,uvvv<r9ai
and Z,o)<ra<j%ai in the sense of SwprjfraeaSrai, KaSonXiZEa-Sai, to arm one's self; a signification
which gave rise to the surname of Athene ZuxrrripLa (who arms, or armed, herself). On
this point Pausanias may be consulted, lib. IX. cap. 17, § 2, where he expressly says :
to Se ivSvvai ra ovrXa eicdXovv apa ol iraXcuol ZajrraaOai (compare Winchelmann's Description
des pierres gravees de M. de Stosch, p. 62-63, and Siebelis Adnott, ad Pausan. lib. IX. 1. 1.
p. 56). Homer remarks as a peculiarity of the armour of the Lycians, commanded by Sarpedon,
that they were without the fiirpa, " a/xirpoxircovsQ" (Iliad. XVI. 419). See also the following
passages of Homer, on the belt and the band : Iliad. IV. 135 ; V. 537 foil, and 857 ; X. 74
and foil. ; XI. 234 ; XVII. 519 ; and XX. 413 and foil. From this last passage it might be
thought, that the belt (K^i'v, K^f-ui) was buckled behind the back ; and it is thus that Heyne
has understood it. It is sufficiently proved by II. IV. 135 and foil, that it buckled above the
lower part of the cuirass, whilst the fiirpa was placed below, viz. under the cuirass. The manner
in which the fiirpa was applied, is apparent on many ancient Greek terra-cotta vases. It may be
looked upon as having been used by the ancient Greeks instead of calecons, and was, at least
very often, and when the man was armed for battle, attached to a bronze plate, quite separate
from the cuirass, and which covered the abdomen of the warrior. As that piece of ancient
Greek armour is seldom to be met with, at least not in an unbroken state, I have had enoraved
a very fine specimen of it, which I acquired in the island of Eubcea, and which is now
in the Cabinet des Antiques of the Royal Library at Paris. The engraving,5 which shews both
the outside (A. B.) and inside (C. D.) surfaces of this curious plate, is exactly of the size of the
original. The inner side, C. D. is provided with fifteen great and thirteen small spheroidal
cavities, the purpose of which was to receive the elastic lining, probably of leather stuffed
with wool or cotton ; which, when the apparatus was tightly strapped, secured the body from
being injured by the pressure of the plate itself. The extremity, C. g. h., the sides of
which are bent inwardly, shews the manner in which the leathern strap, which kept the fiirpa
and its front-plate steady, was there attached. This strap, which must not be confounded with
the Z,mvt), went of course under the cuirass, around the waist of the warrior, and was fur-
nished with a brass or iron ring, which hooked into the other extremity, D, of the plate.
Note IV. See page 10.
It appears to me necessary to prove this assertion by some examples. When Aga-
memnon (II. X.) full of anxiety and unable to sleep, quits his tent in the night, and
goes to seek Nestor to consult with him, he puts on only (verse 21 and foil.) his tunic, his
sandals, and a large lion's hide, and takes a lance in his hand. In the same manner (v. 29
and foil.), when a similar restlessness causes Menelaos to sally forth in the night-time, he
5 See Plate VII.