Budge, Ernest A. Wallis [Bearb.]: The book of the dead: the Papyrus Ani in the British Museum ; the Egyptian text with interlinear transliteration and translation, a running translation, introd. etc. ([Text]) (London, 1895)

lxvi

INTRODUCTION.

8-ra^

ha Pepi pen ba - k baiu Annu as ba - k baiu

Behold Pepi this, thy soul is the soul of Annu; behold thy soul is the soul

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Neyen as ba - k baiu Pe ds ba - k seb dny^ as

ofNekhen; behold thy soul is the soul of Pe ; behold thy soul is a star living, behold,

itih“

yent senu - f.

among its brethren.1

CiMJ



The khaibit or
shadow.

In connection with the ka and ba must be mentioned the khaibit T or

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shadow of the man, which the Egyptians regarded as a part of the human
economy. It may be compared with the ovaa and umbra of the Greeks and
Romans. It was supposed to have an entirely independent existence and to be
able to separate itself from the body; it was free to move wherever it pleased, and,
like the ka and ba, it partook of the funeral offerings in the tomb, which it visited
at will. The mention of the shade, whether of a god or man, in the pyramid
texts is unfrequent, and it is not easy to ascertain what views were held concerning
it; but from the passage in the text of Unas,2 where it is mentioned together with
the souls and spirits and bones of the gods, it is evident that already at that
early date its position in relation to man was well defined. From the collection of
illustrations which Dr. Birch appended to his paper On the Shade or Skadow of
the Dead,3 it is quite clear that in later times at least the shadow was always
associated with the soul and was believed to be always near it; and this view is

1 Recueil de Travaux, t. v., p. 184 (1. 168).

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Recueil de Travaux, t. iv., p. 62 (1. 523).

3 See 7'rans. Soc. Bibl. Arch., vol. viii., p. 386-97.