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CHAPTER IV

1508-1504-
Election of Pope Julius 11.—Guidobaldo restored to his throne—
Summoned to Rome by the Pope—Castiglione remains in
Rome and enters the Duke's service—Resentment of Francesco
Gonzaga—Castiglione joins the Duke in the camp at Forli—
Returns with him to Urbino.
GREAT events had happened during the few weeks
which had elapsed since Castiglione left Rome on
the morrow of Pope Pius HP's election. On Octo-
ber 17, after a brief reign of twenty-six days, the
new Pontiff died, and on the vigil of All Saints the
conclave met once more to elect his successor. This
time there could be little doubt as to the result. Al-
though Cardinal d'Amboise, in Jean d'Auton's quaint
phrase, ' came very near to the gates of Paradise/
being only short of two votes, on that same evening
Giuliauo della Rovcre. Cardinal of S. Pietro in Vincula,
was elected Pope. On the morning of All Saints'
Day, November 1, this able and ambitious prelate—
' mightie in friends, reputation, and riches'—was pro-
claimed supreme Pontiff and assumed the title of
Julius II.
The elevation of this Cardinal to the chair of
St. Peter produced a complete revolution in the
Papal policy. Already, only ten days after Alexan-
der VI. s death, Duke Guidobaldo had returned to
Urbino, where his old subjects welcomed him with
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