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Introduction

17

ways to be found in the same text. These shortenings have cer-
lainly been introduced by the redactors, and are, of course, only pos-
sible in a written canon where the passage hinted at can be
easily looked up. In the same way we find in innumerable passages
of the canonical scriptures a sort of fixed enumerations of various
connected things or of qualities belonging to certain subjects, e. g.
Kalpas. § 5 : Devcmanda mahanl. . . hatthatutthacitia-m-anandiya
piimcmd paramasomanasiyd harisavasavisappamanahiyaya = Devd-
nandd brdhmam . . . hrstatustacittananditd pritimanah ptaramascai-
manasyitd harsavascwisarpamdnalirdaya. In the following paragraphs
this enumeration is always indicated merely by the words hattha-
tuttha java (= y civ ad) °hiyayd, and in the same way throughout
the canon. Moreover these shortenings were, of'Course, only
possible when the canon was set down in writing, and are due certainly
to the redactors. Likewise, we may undoubtedly assign to them
such things as verses at the beginnings or ends of chapters or
books indicating their contents, and above all the counting of the
grantha's (complex of 32 syllables, also called sloka) in the texts
and the summing up of them, either by hundreds or by thousands,
in order to preserve the holy scriptures from later interpolation
— an ingenious method, but one which seems unfortunately not
to have been wholly successful. For there are, no doubt, pass-
ages which have been inserted after the final redaction, although I
scarcely think that they have been so considerable as was sugges-
ted by Weber Ind. Stud. XVI, 230 ff. For I can scarcely believe
that whole works have been replaced by other texts after the
final redaction, as Weber thinks was the case with ahga 8—10
on account of the different contents of these works indicated in
ahga 3, 10. The third ahga certainly belongs to the very oldest
part of the present Siddhanta, and we may well believe that
its statements refer to a time much earlier than that of the
Council at ValabhI. Consequently, although some of the pre-
sent texts are certainly not the same as those indicated there,
we are not at liberty to suppose that they are of later origin than
the time of Devarddhiganin. Neither am I convinced that the
circumstance that the fifth ahga nowadays contains about 189000
pada’s, while it is said in ahga 4 to contain only 84 000, neces-
sarily implies the late origin of a greater part of this text. It may
be that some formerly independent works have been absorbed
 
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