DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.21666#0161
CKyjibniypR ononbCKOM
CHJ1E3HM
1560-1650 TOROB
Ha3BaHne ,,OnojihCKaa Cnjie3HH" He HBjineTCH no cyipecTBy ciapniM
reorpa^nnecKMM noHHTneM: OHO OTHOCMTCH K TeppnTopnn, cjiOH^MBrnenca
B XIX BeKe, OTBenaiorpen Hhme apMHHHCTpaTHBHon epnHHpe — OnojiB-
CKOMy BoeBORCTBy. MoncHO cKa3aTB, HTO OnojiBCKan Cnjie3HH 9TO 3anap-
Han nacTB BepxHen Cmie3nn, a ee OTjiHHne OT BOCTOHHon nacTM, xoTH
o6o3HaHHBnieecn poBOJiBHo paBHO, oco6eHHo pe3K0 yBejinnmiocB B KOHpe
npomjioro CTOJieTna B CBH3M c pnHaMMHecKMM pa3BHTneM yrojiBHoro 6ac-
ceiiHa, KOTopoe jinniB B HMHTOHCHOM CTeneHn noBjinajio Ha pa3BHTHe pac-
CMaTpnBaeMOM Hann TeppnTopnn. OHa cjiOHnuiacB nyTeM CJIHHHMH poBOJiB-
HO pa3HOpop;HbIX HCTOpMHeCKHX 0praHH3M0B, o6pa30BaBHIHXCH 3peCB B pe-
3yjibTaTe c^eopajiBHoił pa3ppo6jieHHOCTM, Hanajio KOTopoii nojio^Knji Tax
Ha3biBaeMŁin CTaTyT EonecjiaBa KpnBoycToro (1138) r.). B MHTepecyioipee
Hac BpeMH rjiaBHbiMM cocTaBHBiMH nacTHMH OnojibCKon CMjie3nn 6bnm:
En^ercKoe KHH^ecTBo (HexoTopoe BpeMH JlerHHpKO-E^KercKoe), He6ojihmoe,
HO JIOBKO ynpaBJiaeMOe KHH3BHMM M3 pMHaCTHH IlHCTOB, pa3BHT0e B xo-
3HHCTBeHHOM n nepepoBoe B KyjibTypHOM OTHomeHHn; HbiccKoe KHHH^e-
CTBO, HBJIHIOipeeCH CBeTCKOM Co6cTBeHHOCTBK) BpopjiaBCKHX enncKonoB
(HBIHe HblCCKMił H rpOp;KOBCKMM nOBHTBl); OnOJIBCKOe KHHHCeCTBO CO CTO-
JiHpeił Onojie, 3aHHMaBinee caMyio OojiBinyio TeppnTopmo, nepeinepmee
nocne CMepTM nocjiepHero npepcTaBHTejin onojiBCKon jiHHHM IlHCTOB
(1532 r.) HenocpeRCTBeHHO B pyxn TaScSyproB, nepepaBaBiHHx ero Ha TO
min HHoe BpeMH pa3HbiM jinpaM n rocypapcTBaM, — HecMOTpn Ha o6mnp-
Hyio TeppMTopmo 9T0 cjia6o HacejieHHoe KHHH^ecTBO He Mrpano 3HanHTejiB-
Hoił pojiH B HCKyccTBe paccMaTpMBaeMoro nepnopa; n, HaKOHep, BOCTOHHbie
n ioxHbie panoHBi HBiHeniHero OnojibCKoro BoeBopcTBa, KOTopbie nacTHHHO
BXOKMJiM B cocTaB nHCTOBCKMX KHH^KecTB — Ko3ejibCKoro M Papn6opcKoro,
a Tamme BxopHBHiero B cocraB nemcKoii MOHapxnM KapHeBCKoro KHHnre-
CTBa (HBIHe r.ny6HHH,KHH nOBHT). OpHaKO H 9TM 3eMJIH He CBirpajin B pa3-
BMTMH ncKyccTBa PeHeccaHca n MaHBepn3Ma 3HannTejiBH0H pojiH, a MecT-
153
CHJ1E3HM
1560-1650 TOROB
Ha3BaHne ,,OnojihCKaa Cnjie3HH" He HBjineTCH no cyipecTBy ciapniM
reorpa^nnecKMM noHHTneM: OHO OTHOCMTCH K TeppnTopnn, cjiOH^MBrnenca
B XIX BeKe, OTBenaiorpen Hhme apMHHHCTpaTHBHon epnHHpe — OnojiB-
CKOMy BoeBORCTBy. MoncHO cKa3aTB, HTO OnojiBCKan Cnjie3HH 9TO 3anap-
Han nacTB BepxHen Cmie3nn, a ee OTjiHHne OT BOCTOHHon nacTM, xoTH
o6o3HaHHBnieecn poBOJiBHo paBHO, oco6eHHo pe3K0 yBejinnmiocB B KOHpe
npomjioro CTOJieTna B CBH3M c pnHaMMHecKMM pa3BHTneM yrojiBHoro 6ac-
ceiiHa, KOTopoe jinniB B HMHTOHCHOM CTeneHn noBjinajio Ha pa3BHTHe pac-
CMaTpnBaeMOM Hann TeppnTopnn. OHa cjiOHnuiacB nyTeM CJIHHHMH poBOJiB-
HO pa3HOpop;HbIX HCTOpMHeCKHX 0praHH3M0B, o6pa30BaBHIHXCH 3peCB B pe-
3yjibTaTe c^eopajiBHoił pa3ppo6jieHHOCTM, Hanajio KOTopoii nojio^Knji Tax
Ha3biBaeMŁin CTaTyT EonecjiaBa KpnBoycToro (1138) r.). B MHTepecyioipee
Hac BpeMH rjiaBHbiMM cocTaBHBiMH nacTHMH OnojibCKon CMjie3nn 6bnm:
En^ercKoe KHH^ecTBo (HexoTopoe BpeMH JlerHHpKO-E^KercKoe), He6ojihmoe,
HO JIOBKO ynpaBJiaeMOe KHH3BHMM M3 pMHaCTHH IlHCTOB, pa3BHT0e B xo-
3HHCTBeHHOM n nepepoBoe B KyjibTypHOM OTHomeHHn; HbiccKoe KHHH^e-
CTBO, HBJIHIOipeeCH CBeTCKOM Co6cTBeHHOCTBK) BpopjiaBCKHX enncKonoB
(HBIHe HblCCKMił H rpOp;KOBCKMM nOBHTBl); OnOJIBCKOe KHHHCeCTBO CO CTO-
JiHpeił Onojie, 3aHHMaBinee caMyio OojiBinyio TeppnTopmo, nepeinepmee
nocne CMepTM nocjiepHero npepcTaBHTejin onojiBCKon jiHHHM IlHCTOB
(1532 r.) HenocpeRCTBeHHO B pyxn TaScSyproB, nepepaBaBiHHx ero Ha TO
min HHoe BpeMH pa3HbiM jinpaM n rocypapcTBaM, — HecMOTpn Ha o6mnp-
Hyio TeppMTopmo 9T0 cjia6o HacejieHHoe KHHH^ecTBO He Mrpano 3HanHTejiB-
Hoił pojiH B HCKyccTBe paccMaTpMBaeMoro nepnopa; n, HaKOHep, BOCTOHHbie
n ioxHbie panoHBi HBiHeniHero OnojibCKoro BoeBopcTBa, KOTopbie nacTHHHO
BXOKMJiM B cocTaB nHCTOBCKMX KHH^KecTB — Ko3ejibCKoro M Papn6opcKoro,
a Tamme BxopHBHiero B cocraB nemcKoii MOHapxnM KapHeBCKoro KHHnre-
CTBa (HBIHe r.ny6HHH,KHH nOBHT). OpHaKO H 9TM 3eMJIH He CBirpajin B pa3-
BMTMH ncKyccTBa PeHeccaHca n MaHBepn3Ma 3HannTejiBH0H pojiH, a MecT-
153