Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 1): Zeus god of the bright sky (Cambridge, 1914)

446 Hera and the Cow

suggests that Euboia, 'She who is rich in oxen,' was a third. Nemea,
a few miles away from the Heraion, was said by some to have
taken its name from the cattle sacred to Hera, which were there
'herded' by Argos1. The first systematic exploration of Tiryns
and Mykenai yielded an extraordinary number of small terra-cotta
cows, as many as 700 being found on the akropolis of the latter
town alone2. These Schliemann took to be figurines of Hera herself
in the form of a cow, Hera boopisz; but more critical investigators
regard them as votive substitutes for actual cattle4. Sir Charles
Waldstein, on the site of the Heraion, discovered some interesting
examples of bronze cows, one of which, as Mr D. G. Hogarth
observed, shows markings indicative of a sacrificial fillet5. In
Seneca's Agamemnon* the chorus, consisting of Mycenaean women,
chant to their goddess Hera:

At thy fane the bull's white wife
Falls, who never in her life
Knew the plough nor on her neck
Bore the -yoke that leaves the fleck.

At Argos the festival of Hera was known as the Heraia or Heka-
tombaia or as ' The Shield from Argos7.' The first name explains
itself. The last refers to the fact that, at the accompanying
athletic contest, the prize was a bronze shield8. The festival was

sanctuary of Hera 'A/cpcua, cp. Hesych. s.v. 'A/c/n'a. On the cult of Hera 'AKpaia at and
near Corinth, and also on the Bosporos, see G. Wentzel in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. i.
1193. Gruppe Gr. Myth. Rel. pp. 128 n. 8, 183 n. 7, thinks that the Corinthian cult
was modelled on the Argive.

1 Schol. Find. Nem. argum. 3 p. 425 Bockh, cp. et. mag. p. 176, 350°., Loukian.
dial. deor. 3.

2 H. Schliemann Mycena London 1878 p. 73 f.

3 Id. ib. p. 19 ff.

4 Perrot—Chipiez Hist, de P Art vi. 819.

5 C. Waldstein The Argive Heraeum Boston and New York 1905 ii. 201 ff. pi. 75,
23—27.

6 Sen. Ag. 364 ff. In Kos a choice heifer was sacrificed to Hera 'Apyeia, 'EAet'a,
Ba<7t\eta (Dittenberger Syll. inscr. Gr.2 no. 617, 5 f.).

• 7 Nilsson Gr. Feste p. 42 ff.

8 Pind. 01. 7. 83 0 t ev"Apyei %a\/cos 'iyvw viv. The schol. vet. ad loc. 152 a explains
that the prizes were not bronze in the mass, but tripods, cauldrons, shields, and bowls.
Id. ib. 152b says simply: 'the bronze that is given at Argos as a prize to the victor.'
Id. ib. 152c: 'The prize was a bronze shield, and the wreaths were of myrtle.' Id. ib.
152 d : ' Bronze is given as the prize, because Archinos king of Argos, who first established
a contest, being appointed to look after the supply of arms, made the award of armour
from his store.' Polyain. 3. 8 states that Archinos was put over the armoury at a time
when the Argives were arming; he offered a fresh weapon to each citizen, receiving in
exchange the old weapons, so as to dedicate them to the gods; but, having collected all
the old without supplying the new, he armed a mob of mercenaries, aliens, etc. and so
became tyrant of Argos. If this is rightly referred (Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. ii. 541) to
the period of the Chremonidean War (266—263 B.C.), it is clear that the scholiast on