Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 1): Zeus god of the bright sky (Cambridge, 1914)

Zeus, Dionysos, and the Goat 707

represents a procession of deities conducted by Hermes towards
an altar, beside which stand two women, one with an oinochoe and
a flower, the other with a basket. Beyond the altar are trees,
denoting a sacred grove. Foremost in the procession marches

Fig. 523-

Zeus carrying the child Dionysos; and we notice that the pedi-
ment of the altar is. occupied by figures, of a goat and two kids.

A. Frickenhaus argues that this vase must be brought into con-
nexion with others, which, as he endeavours to prove, illustrate the
ritual of the Lenaia1. Be that as it may2, we have here clearly the
old association of Zeus, Dionysos, and the goat3.

But it is to the theatre itself that we naturally turn for the
last traces of this lingering connexion. Nor are we disappointed.

B. Graef, who after adding further fragments allowed A. Frickenhaus Lendenvasen
{Winckelmannsfest-Progr. Berlin lxxii) Berlin 1912 p. 11 f. with fig. ( = my fig. 523) to
publish the principal group in its reconstituted form and so to anticipate the final
publication in Graef Ant. Vasen At hen.

1 Supra p. 671 f.

2 A hydrta of severe style at Paris (De Ridder Cat. Vases de la Bibl. Nat. ii. 331 f.
no. 440, Inghirami Vas. fitt. iv. 115 pi. 384, Luynes Descr. de vases peints p. 16 f.
pi. 28 = my fig. 524, F. Creuzer Symbolik und Mythologie3 Leipzig and Darmstadt 1842
iv. 218 pi. 2, B. Graef in the Jahrb. d. kais. deutsch. arch. Inst. 1891 vi. 46 f. with fig.,
F. Lenormant in Daremberg—Saglio Diet. Ant. i. 603 fig. 680, Overbeck Gr. Kunsl-

myth. Zeus Atlas pi. 1, 19, Reinach Re"p. Vases ii. 260, 1) again shows Zeus (lEA£ ?)
bearing the child Dionysos ^ AiOl/lTVj^O^) towards two women. The first sits on

a folding-stool beside a pillar, with a spray of ivy in her left hand, a stephdne on her
head, and above her perhaps the word KaKbs (certainly not'TaSes). The second stands
with a sceptre in her right hand and an ivy-wreath on her head. It is open to us to see
in these two women the Maenads of Frickenhaus' ' Lenaean' vases, and to suppose that
the cult-pillar and its table-altar have been modified into the pillar and stool of a
gynaikonitis.

3 It was Miss Harrison who, with her customary kindness, pointed out to me the
importance of this vase as a link in my argument.

45—2