DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.14696#0293
Zeus at Delphoi
231
from Knossos1 and his most doughty defenders in the middle of the
fourth century B.C. were the Thrakidai2.
(v) Zeus at Delphoi.
The arguments hitherto adduced point towards a conclusion of
some importance, viz. that at Delphoi the worship of the sky-father
(Zeus), the earth-mother (Ge, Themis), and their offspring (Dionysos)
was anterior to the worship of Apollon, who inherited, so to speak,
the eagles of Zeus3, the omphalos of Ge4, the tripod5 and tomb of
Dionysos6.
A stranger visiting the site might indeed from first impressions
suppose that here Apollon was all in all. But closer scrutiny would
soon detect many a trace of the earlier occupants. At the very
entrance of the town Zeus Polieus had a precinct adjoining that of
Athena Pronaia1. Within the temple of Apollon the statues of the
two Moirai were flanked by Zeus Moiragetes as well as by Apollon
Moiragetes; and it is likely that the latter was named after the
former god8. Again, the Delphians had a cult of Zeus Eithypnos,
1 Supra p. 189 n. 8. 2 Diod. 16. 24. 3 Supra p. 179 ft".
4 Supra p. 169 ft. 5 Supra p. 193 ft'. 6 Supra p. 218 ff.
7 A. D. Keramopoullos in the 'Ec/>.' Ap%. 1909 p. 269 published a limestone boundary-
block (?) inscribed A I 0 I | POAIEHI, which he had found in 1907 S. or S.E. of
the large altar at Marmaria just below the southern wall of Athena's precinct.
A. Frickenhaus in the Ath. Mitth. 1910 xxxv. 243 n. r agrees that this inscription must
be a boundary-stone, infers [ib. p. 239 n. 3) that there was an adjoining precinct of Zeus
Polieus, and assigns to it the trophy which the Delphians set up irapa. to rijs Tlpovaias
'Adrjvds iepbv (Diod. 11. 14). H. Pomtow, who in the Jahrb. f. class. Philol. 1884 xxx.
238 ff. had corrected the punctuation of the epigram on this trophy by reading fj.va.ixd t
dXe^dvSpov noXepLOV /cat /xdprvpa viKas \ AeXcpoi p.e uTaaav Zavi xaPL{bp.evoi • \ avv <f>ot/3cp
TrroXiiropOov dirwadixevoL arixa 'Slr/Suiv | /cat xaX/coarecpai'o;' pvcrdfxevoL Tep-evos, in Pliilologus
iq12 lxxi. 73—75 improves it still further by accepting F. W. Schneidewin's comma at
the end of the first distich, reads the boundary-stone as A I OZ | POAIEOZ, and
states that (in 1909?) he had arrived independently at the results obtained by Fricken-
haus. For plans see Ath. Mitth. 1910 xxxv. 243 fig. 4 and col. pi. 13.
8 Paus. 10. 24. 4 iv Se rip vatp... eur-qKe Se Kai dydXp.ara ~Sloipwv Svo' dvri Se avrQv rrjs
Tpirrjs Tievs re ~SloipayeTTjs /cat 'AiroWwv acpicri iraptffrriKe ~Sloipayerris. The title, which
is used here only of Apollon (see D. Bassi Apollo ''Moiragetes'' Torino—Roma 1895),
occurs elsewhere of Zeus : (a) inscription from the akrdpolis at Athens {Corp. inscr. Att.
i no. 93, 10 ff. = J. v. Prott and L. Ziehen Leges Graecorum sacrae ii no. 14, 10 ff. [raJSe ho
'' AirbXXwv expeaev [? vbp.ip,a npax<7tep7t5ats] | [dpL]<pLevvvoaw top ty£tyXov [rev Bebv /cat
wpodvocriu] I [Motjpats Ait ^Sloipayerei 7---); {!>) altar in the hippodrome at Olympia
(Paus. 5. 15. 5 t'oi'Tt Se eiri rr\v acpeaiv tCov Ittttwv fari /3w/x6s, eiriypapiixa Se eV' avrip
'MoLpayira ' SrjXa ovv ecmv eirlK\7)aiv elvai Aids 8s ret dvdpwirwv oXSev, 6Va SiSoaaiv at
Motpat /cat Sera fi-q TreirpwraL <r<pi<ji. irX^aiov Se /cat Moipwv /3w/x6s earn* eiri/xr]Krjs, fxerd
Se clvtov 'Ep/xoO Kai Svo tepee's At6s 'Tx/yio-rov (K. Wernicke cj. Svo e<pe^s 'Eppov /cat
At6s 'TipLuTov)); (c) relief in the precinct of Despoina near Akakesion in Arkadia
(Paus. 8. 37. 1 IbvTdiv Se eiri rbv vabv arod rk icrriv ev oe£ia /cat ev t<2 rot'xcp \iOov XevKov
tvttol ■Keiroir\p.evoi, /cat rip jxiv eio~iv eireipyaap-ivai Moipai /cat Zeus eVt'/c\?7<7tv Motpa7eV?7S,
231
from Knossos1 and his most doughty defenders in the middle of the
fourth century B.C. were the Thrakidai2.
(v) Zeus at Delphoi.
The arguments hitherto adduced point towards a conclusion of
some importance, viz. that at Delphoi the worship of the sky-father
(Zeus), the earth-mother (Ge, Themis), and their offspring (Dionysos)
was anterior to the worship of Apollon, who inherited, so to speak,
the eagles of Zeus3, the omphalos of Ge4, the tripod5 and tomb of
Dionysos6.
A stranger visiting the site might indeed from first impressions
suppose that here Apollon was all in all. But closer scrutiny would
soon detect many a trace of the earlier occupants. At the very
entrance of the town Zeus Polieus had a precinct adjoining that of
Athena Pronaia1. Within the temple of Apollon the statues of the
two Moirai were flanked by Zeus Moiragetes as well as by Apollon
Moiragetes; and it is likely that the latter was named after the
former god8. Again, the Delphians had a cult of Zeus Eithypnos,
1 Supra p. 189 n. 8. 2 Diod. 16. 24. 3 Supra p. 179 ft".
4 Supra p. 169 ft. 5 Supra p. 193 ft'. 6 Supra p. 218 ff.
7 A. D. Keramopoullos in the 'Ec/>.' Ap%. 1909 p. 269 published a limestone boundary-
block (?) inscribed A I 0 I | POAIEHI, which he had found in 1907 S. or S.E. of
the large altar at Marmaria just below the southern wall of Athena's precinct.
A. Frickenhaus in the Ath. Mitth. 1910 xxxv. 243 n. r agrees that this inscription must
be a boundary-stone, infers [ib. p. 239 n. 3) that there was an adjoining precinct of Zeus
Polieus, and assigns to it the trophy which the Delphians set up irapa. to rijs Tlpovaias
'Adrjvds iepbv (Diod. 11. 14). H. Pomtow, who in the Jahrb. f. class. Philol. 1884 xxx.
238 ff. had corrected the punctuation of the epigram on this trophy by reading fj.va.ixd t
dXe^dvSpov noXepLOV /cat /xdprvpa viKas \ AeXcpoi p.e uTaaav Zavi xaPL{bp.evoi • \ avv <f>ot/3cp
TrroXiiropOov dirwadixevoL arixa 'Slr/Suiv | /cat xaX/coarecpai'o;' pvcrdfxevoL Tep-evos, in Pliilologus
iq12 lxxi. 73—75 improves it still further by accepting F. W. Schneidewin's comma at
the end of the first distich, reads the boundary-stone as A I OZ | POAIEOZ, and
states that (in 1909?) he had arrived independently at the results obtained by Fricken-
haus. For plans see Ath. Mitth. 1910 xxxv. 243 fig. 4 and col. pi. 13.
8 Paus. 10. 24. 4 iv Se rip vatp... eur-qKe Se Kai dydXp.ara ~Sloipwv Svo' dvri Se avrQv rrjs
Tpirrjs Tievs re ~SloipayeTTjs /cat 'AiroWwv acpicri iraptffrriKe ~Sloipayerris. The title, which
is used here only of Apollon (see D. Bassi Apollo ''Moiragetes'' Torino—Roma 1895),
occurs elsewhere of Zeus : (a) inscription from the akrdpolis at Athens {Corp. inscr. Att.
i no. 93, 10 ff. = J. v. Prott and L. Ziehen Leges Graecorum sacrae ii no. 14, 10 ff. [raJSe ho
'' AirbXXwv expeaev [? vbp.ip,a npax<7tep7t5ats] | [dpL]<pLevvvoaw top ty£tyXov [rev Bebv /cat
wpodvocriu] I [Motjpats Ait ^Sloipayerei 7---); {!>) altar in the hippodrome at Olympia
(Paus. 5. 15. 5 t'oi'Tt Se eiri rr\v acpeaiv tCov Ittttwv fari /3w/x6s, eiriypapiixa Se eV' avrip
'MoLpayira ' SrjXa ovv ecmv eirlK\7)aiv elvai Aids 8s ret dvdpwirwv oXSev, 6Va SiSoaaiv at
Motpat /cat Sera fi-q TreirpwraL <r<pi<ji. irX^aiov Se /cat Moipwv /3w/x6s earn* eiri/xr]Krjs, fxerd
Se clvtov 'Ep/xoO Kai Svo tepee's At6s 'Tx/yio-rov (K. Wernicke cj. Svo e<pe^s 'Eppov /cat
At6s 'TipLuTov)); (c) relief in the precinct of Despoina near Akakesion in Arkadia
(Paus. 8. 37. 1 IbvTdiv Se eiri rbv vabv arod rk icrriv ev oe£ia /cat ev t<2 rot'xcp \iOov XevKov
tvttol ■Keiroir\p.evoi, /cat rip jxiv eio~iv eireipyaap-ivai Moipai /cat Zeus eVt'/c\?7<7tv Motpa7eV?7S,