Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1925)

232

Zeus at Delphoi

'Giver of Good Sleep1': the title presupposes the custom of in-
cubation2, as practised e.g. in the cult of Zeus Aviphidraos near
Oropos3, and is doubtless of ancient date4. The Aetolian League

Sevrepw 5e "HpaKXrjs rpiiroda '' AwoWiova a<fiaipovp.evos). It seems probable therefore that

Apollon took the title from Zeus, who in turn may
have derived it from the Idaean Daktyloi (Ap.
Rhod. i. 1126 fT. TiTirjv ap.a KvWrjvSi' re, | ol
fxovvoi woXecov /uotpriyeTcu 7]8e Trapedpoi \ /xrjTepos
'Ioat^s/ce/cA??arat 8ao~oi '£ao~iv j Ad/criAot I5atot Kprj-
ratees with schol. ad loc. and K. Tumpel in Roscher
Lex. Myth. ii. 31031.). Later the term was gener-
alised (Alkiphr. 1. 20 it p.oipaioi deol Kal pioipayerai
daipoves, Iambi, de fato p. 179, 1 ff. rl ovv; olov re
icm oia tCov TroXevovTwv 6eu>v \veiv eavrov Kal tovs
avrovs yyeiadai p.oipr]yeTas Kal Seup.ois oKvtois tovs
/3iovs deo-pLetiovras; Hermeias in Plat. Phaedr. p. 96,
14 f. Couvreur rrjs rrpovoias e^r/pfjpevws Kal rrjs deias
5e <pvo~eu>s Kal twv pLoipTjyeT&v (p.oi.priyeveTuiv codd.)
Oe&v avvbLaTrXeKOVTWv iravra ev rd^ei /cat /caret 81kt)v,
23 ot p.evT0L p.oipriyiTai (p.oipr]yzveTai codd.) deol
k.t.X., Prokl. in Plat. Alcib. 24 p. 77 Creuzer ras r^s
elpapp.evrjs doaeis Kal tusv pLOLprjyerQv (so F. Creuzer
or codd. pLOipriyeverivv, poLpr^verQiv)).

L. Stephani in the Compte-rendu St. Pet. 1881 p. n8f. Atlas pi. 5, 18 (reproduced to
a scale of -j- in my fig. 160) contends that an engraved chalcedony of Roman date, now in
the Hermitage Museum at Petrograd, represents Zeus Moirage'tes seated on a throne with
an eagle at his feet, a sceptre in his raised left hand and the three Moirai on his out-
stretched right hand. Stephani admits that the little figures might be Horai (cp.
F. Creuzer Symbolik und Jl/y/hologie^ Leipzig and Darmstadt 1841 iii. 97) or Charites,
but rules out the former as being less significant in relation to Zeus than the Moirai, and
the latter as being normally undraped in late art. The three small females are certainly
draped, and one of them has 'ein kleines beutelartiges undnicht genauer zu bestimmendes
Attribut in die Hand.' But I confess, I should not accept Stephani's identification. I
regard them as Charites, draped just because they are not a product of late art, but have
been transferred to Zeus from the famous statue of Apollon at Delos by the archaic
sculptors Tektaios and Angelion (Plout. de mus. 14 quoted infra
§ 3 (a) iii (x), Paus. 2. 32. 5, 9. 35. 3, Athenag. supplicatio pro
Chrisiianis 17 p. 19 Schwartz; Overbeck Gr. Kunstmyth. Apollon
p. 17 ff. fig. 4 Mtinztaf. 1, 17—20, Imhoof-Blumer and P. Gardner
Num. Comm. Pans. iii. 144 pi. cc, 11 —14, Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins
Attica etc. p. 72 b pi. 11, 8, p. 82 pi. 14, 9, Hunter Cat. Coins ii.
Fig. 161. 73> Head Hist, num.2 p. 383, P. Gardner Types of Gk. Coins p. 81 f.

pi. 15, 29. Fig. 161 is from a copper coin of Athens in my collection).

1 Hesych. Eui'ttj'os ' 6 Zet)s [17 /caXo? vwvos] irapa Ae\(pois.

2 Gruppe Gr. Myth. Pel. p. 1109 n. 5 (cp. id. id. p. 932 n. 3) refers the title to a
' Traumorakel.' Other evidence of incubation at Delphoi is considered by Rohde Psyche3
ii. 58 n. j and L. Deubner De incubatione Lipsiae 1900 p. 52 n. 2 : neither of these
scholars has, however, seen the relevancy of Zeus Pluhypnos.

3 Supra i. 407 n. 4. For Amphiaraos as Zeus see infra Append. J.

4 It recalls the sound sleep of Trophonios and Agamedes at Delphoi (supra i. 450).
Incubation was in all probability practised in the cult of Trophonios at Lebadeia
(L. Deubner De incubatione Lipsiae 1900 p. 8 n. 2, Miss M. Hamilton Incubation London
1906 p. 88 ff.). J. Vurtheim ' De Eugammonis Cyrenaei Telegonia' in Mnemosyne N.S.