Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1925)

260 Dionysos displaced by Apollon

ANTIOX eflN MOPCVNOC river-god Morsynos standing to left with phidle in
right hand and reed in left, Imhoof-Blumer Monn, gr. p. 471 no. 75 obv. 56VC

BOVAAIOC, rev. read as .....HN TTOPCVNOC sic, Head Hist, num.2 p. 608,

cp. Zeus with Boule (?) on a copper of Neapolis on the Harpasos in Karia, struck by
Gordianus iii (Imhoof-Blumer Kleinas. Miinzen i. 148 no. 5)). The title BovXaios was
transferred to Roman emperors etc. (Mionnet Descr. de mid. ant. ii. 594 no. 538, a copper
of Pergamon in the collection of L. E. Cousinery, obv. C6 B ACTfiI ■ K AI C A PI •
BOYAAIfl head of Augustus laureate to right, rev. A ■ 00 Y P101 • T YM N AII -
APXflN • TTEP TAM H ... large vase on a table ; Inscr. Gr. ins. iii Suppl. no. 1393, 1 ff.
[Ata Bov\Kaiov Yepp.aviKov KatVapa j [rbv warep]a Tatov Katcrapos 2e/3a<7roD | 6 bapos be-
tween no. 1392, 1 ft. 'EcrTtaf HovXaiav 'Aypnnrivav \ tclv piarepa Yatov Kaiaapos Ze/SacrroO j
6 bdpos and no. 1394, 1 ft". [AvroKparopa Kaicrjapa | [^e^acrrbv Ovecnr]aaia.pbv | [6 5a/xos],
where M. Frankel Die Inschriften von Pergamon Berlin 1890 i. 159 would read [Tew
viov Ata BovJXaiov Tepp.aviK.bv Kaicrapa, \ [rbv cruTTjpa, ira.Tep]a Taiov Kaiaapos *Lej3aaTov, \
6 5B.fj.os; Inscr. Gr. Arc. Lac. Mess, i no. 1352 a limestone base from Abea inscribed
'Adpiavov Boi^Xaiov. k.t.X., cp. Corp. inscr. Gr. i no. 1167, io = Cougny Anth. Pal.
Append. \. 259. 4) from Zeus, to whom it properly belonged (Flout, an seni resp. ger.
at 10 rot's de rod BovXaiov /cat 'Ayopaiov kcli IIoAtews Atos inrr/peTas ov ttoSQp epya /cat
\eipwv aira.LTodp.ev dXXa fiovXijs /cat irpovoias /cat \byov, id. praec. ger. reip. 5 oi/be Aids

Fig. 172.

BovXatov p.6vov expyfav, Cornut. theol. 9 p. 9, 16 f. Lang koX fiovXaiov .. .irpoaayopevovaiv,
Achilles in Arat. phaeu. 3 (E. Maass Commentariorum in Arctium reliquiae Berolini
1898 p. 84, 16 ff.) Xeyerai yap /cat /Soi/Xatos Zeis /cat (so Wilamowitz for (is V.) ^evws /cat
eratpetos (piXios (so Maass for <f>LXos V.) (pvTaXpuos (so Scaliger for (pvra.Xip.os V.) eiriKapTrios,
Scholl—Studemund anecd. i. 265 no. 23 j3ovXaiov cp. id. i. 274 n. 18, 282 n. 14) and of
whom it was a virtual synonym (Lyk. Al. 435 f. (Kapaneus) 6V YoyyvXar-qs elXe BovXaios
MvXevs, j dyr]Xa.Ta> pLaanyi avvdpavaas Kapa, with Tzetz. ad loc. 6 Zei)s 6 ToyyvXdTijs, Si'
oil at yoyyvXai /cat ffweacpiypAvai. ^etpes Kivovvrai, 6 BovXaios, 6V ov Kal to (3ovXei>eiv rois
dvdpdsiroLS itrriv, 6 ~MvXeus, 6V ov oi avdpwrroi rets p.vXas Kal tovs obbvras klvovctlv, r> 6
dpToSbrris, d-rrb rfjs pLvXrjs, cp. Scholl—Studemund anecd. i. 265 no. 27 yoyyvXdrov, no. 65
p-vXiios. O. Jessen in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. vii. 1585 says : ' Vermutlich entspricht
Zeus G. dem Zeus Palamnaios.' H. W. Stoll in Roscher Lex. Myth. ii. 3307 cp. Zeus
Mi/Xeys with Iupiter Pistor; L. Bachmann ad loc. cp. Iupiter Lapis. Was Zeus 1^07711-
Xcitt/s connected with turnips (70771'Xat), as Iupiter with onions (Class. Rev. 1903 xvii.
270)? And was Zeus lAvXevs, like Apollon Mylas or Myldntios (O. Hofer in Roscher
Lex. Myth. ii. 3306), the Mylanteioi Theoi (K. Tumpel id. ii. 3305 f.), and Promylaia
(O. Hofer ib. iii. 3iiof.), a protector of mills? Nan liquet. Both titles might be local,
ro77i/Xdrr;s from some island *Fo77t;X?7, Mi/Xeus from some town akin to ~M.vka.aa).
BovXaios meant 'God of the Council'' and at most connoted the power of giving counsel
(cp. Theokr. 16. 70 Atos p.eya (3ovXevovTos) ; it is not directly connected with the quasi-