Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1925)

28o

Dios and Dios Nysos

Deos or Dios. The inference can, I think, be raised to a high degree
of probability. At Dorylaeion (Eskishehir), a great centre of Zeus-
worship1 in north-eastern Phrygia, G. Radet in 1893 found an altar
dedicated to Zeus Dios-. A. Korte, .reviewing Radet's discovery in
1897, threw out the ingenious suggestion that this title may attest
a local survival of the primitive sky-god Dtos3 postulated by H.
Usener4. Sir W. M. Ramsay in 1906 assumed a long vowel and
wrote Zeus Dtosr'—a course in which I formerly followed him6. But
Korte's case is materially strengthened by the occurrence of deos,
dios, etc. in the neo-Phrygian inscriptions cited above7; and his

(Harrison Proleg. Gk. Ret'.- p. 404), has met with almost universal accceptance and is
. clearly correct. See further Wakle Lat. etym. Worterb.'- p. 372 f. s.v. 'humus.'

1 F. Cumont in Pauly-Wissowa Real-Enc. iii. 891 argues that Dorylaeion was the
principal cult-centre of Zeus Bronton [infra §4 (d)). A. Korte in the Ath. Mitth. 1900
x.w. 409 f. demurs to this statement, though he admits that thirteen dedications to the
god have been found there. Coins of the town show more than one type of Zeus. A
copper struck by Trajan has rev. AOPVAA EHN AAEAHMOC Zeus MeXi??6s
(meaning unknown) seated with phidle in right hand, sceptre in left, and eagle on ground
behind the seat (Imhoof-Blumer Kleinas. Miinzen i. 225 no. 1, Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins
Phrygiap.lvii). Coppers of Titus have rev. ITAAI KHA N GVTTATfl AOPYAAEflN
Zeus enthroned to left with thunderbolt in right and sceptre in left hand (Brit. Mus. Cat.
Coins Phrygia p. 19,^ pi. 25, 1). A 'third brass' of Domitian has rev. AOPYAAEfiN
Zeus, naked, standing with phidle in right, sceptre in left hand (Rasche Lex. Num.
Suppl. ii. 657). A copper of Philippus Senior has rev. ETTI MA V PTIAA AI 0 V ■ A-
APX ■ K- CTE<t>AOPVAAE fl N (iirl M. Avp. Ti/nalov a' apX- ice crrecp.) Zeus standing
to front, but facing left, with thunderbolt in right hand (Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Phrygia
pp. lvii, r98 pi. 25, 8). Cp. a copper of Gordianus Pius, having for reverse type two men
(Dorylaos and Akamas ?), each of whom holds a phidle over a flaming altar, while an eagle
hovers above it (Imhoof-Blumer Kleinas. Miinzen i. 226 no. 4, Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins
Phrygia p. 197 pi. 25, 7). I. Meliopoulos in the Ath. Mitth. 1897 xxii. 480 f. publishes a

dedication from Dorylaeion [-----?] /3ov ul&i Ad HaTpd>\_iuji----] | [crwTrjpi dwav]ros

dvOpwiroiv yevo[vs-----] j [... /cat 6eoi]s 2f/3aarots /cat deals ^efiaarais [xal 0]j[/xoj'Otat

2]e/3atrT?}i /cat deai'Pui/xiyt /cat deQi ZiVvkXt^twi [/cat tQl] 8rj/u.wi 'Pw/xata/f k.t.\. Zeus llarpuios
here means Hadrian as in Corp. inscr. Gr. ii no. 3187, 5 ff. Smyrna Atos Tlarpujov,
AvTOK[pa.Topos, apxispi cos] j fxeyicTTov, iraTpbs t?}[s warpiSos? /cat acorrjpos?] rod ffv/nravros
av[dpunrelov yeuovs' k.t.X.]. Sir W. M. Ramsay Studies in the History and Art of the
Eastern Provinces of the Roman Empire Aberdeen 1906 p. 276 f. among other dedications
to Zeus Bronton at Dorylaeion includes no. 9 a stile with pointed pediment, garland
underneath, and letters under garland: Avp. A?7/.ias 'Aa[i\viov inrep eav\rov /ce tG>v tStJwf
TravTWV Ad ?Z\r]/j.avTiKip evlxyv- The god that sent thunder and lightning thereby gave
irrnuara (supra p. 4).

Evidence of the worship of Dionysos at Dorylaeion is collected by W. Quandt De
Baccho ad Alexandri aetate in Asia Minore culto Halis Saxonum 1913 p. 221 f.

- G. Radet ' En Phrygie' in the Nouvelles Archives des Missions Scieniifiques Paris 1895

vi- 425—594-

3 A. Korte in the Gdtt. gel. Anz. 1897 clix. 409 f.

4 H. Usener Gotternamen Bonn 1896 pp. 43, 70 f.

■ ;) Sir W. M. Ramsay Studies in the History and Art of the Eastern Provinces of the
Roman Empire Aberdeen 1906 p. 275.

6 Supra i. 4 n. 2.

7 Supra p. 277 ff.