DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.14696#0378
312 Attis in relation to the Dioskouroi
father of the Lydians, was recognised also by the Phrygians1. He
seems to have been called Masnes by the logographer Xanthos2, a
Lydian who wrote four books on Lydia in the reign of Artaxerxes i
(465—425 B.C.)3. Manes later passed as the son of Zeus and Ge4.
Indeed, an inscription discovered at Oturak by Sir W. M. Ramsay
actually identifies him with Zeus5. Atys and Kotys may, therefore,
have been regarded as Dioskouroi, sons of Zeus ; and the assonance
of their names is, as Dr Rendel Harris has abundantly shown6,
characteristic of divine twins. Nevertheless the whole case is com-
1 P. Hirsch Phrygiae de nominibus oppidorum Regimontii Borussiae 1884 p. 29,
Perrot—Chipiez Hist, de P Art v. 31 n. 2, W. Drexler in Roscher Lex. Myth. ii.
-2316.
2 Xanthos (Frag. hist. Gr. iv. 629 Miiller) ap. Hephaist. ench. 1. 7 p. 6, 1 Consbruch
and ap. Choirobosk. in Hephaist. ench. 1. 7 p. 199, 5 Consbruch had Md^j^s as the
name of a Lydian river. In Dion. Hal. ant. Rom. 1. 27 cod. Vat. spells the king's name
~Sldavew ; and this may be right, since Dionysios id. 1. 28 goes on to quote Xanthos
frag. 1 (Frag. hist. Gr. i. 36 Miiller).
3 W. Christ Geschichte der griechischen Litteratur^ jNIlinchen 1908 i. 428 f.
4 Dion. Hal. ant. Rom. 1. 27.
5 Sir W. M. Ramsay in the Jonrn. Hell. Stud. 1883 iv. 419 ff. no. 33^ [d]ddvaros
'ETTLTvi'-^a\[i']os Ilt'ou Tifxrjd(e)ls i'Trb 'E/cd!T7;s Trp&TTjs, 8evre[p]\ov vtto Mdvou Adov | ['H]\io-
8pbp.ov Aids, Tpi tov <%>oi[3ov '' A.pxyyeTo[y\ j Xpr/afiodorov d\\rjdu)S 5u> [p]ov i\aj3\[o]v XPV^llf1]0-
86ti\v d\i]\[6e]ias iv \ iraTpi\8i x.e (i)v 6|[p]ois xp\\.rl](TlX0$\°TLV I vb/xovs Tid(e)?v (perhaps
ri(e)iv) iv opens I \x\p-q<rp.o<5bTiv \ [ir]acriv tovto ?xw 5wj[p]oi' il; ddavd^Tuv iravruv k.t.X.
an inscription of 313—314a.D. from the neighbourhood of Akmoneia accompanied by
a series of three reliefs—above, a radiate head ; in the middle, the rider-god with a
battle-axe over his shoulder (much defaced); below, a bust with hands folded across
breast. The altar adorned with these carvings commemorates several members of
one family, two at least of whom held office as dpx^pevs in some pagan cult. The god
Manes Daes (or Daos) Heliodromos Zeus is of mixed origin. Manes was father of Akmon,
founder of Akmoneia (Alexandres Polyhistor frag. 45 (Frag. hist. Gr. iii. 233) ap. Steph.
Byz. s.v. 'AKfj-ovia). Daes (or Daos) might be the singular of the Scythian tribe Adcu,
Aacu, Adoi, Daliae (W. Tomaschek in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. iv. 1945^) ; Daos, the
singular of the nomad Persians called Adoc by Hdt. 1. 125 (id. ib. iv. 2133) : other
possibilities would be to see in Daes the masculine deity corresponding with the femi-
nine Daeira (supra i. 212), or to quote Hesych. ddos- <pGis, SaSa. irvp, (p\6^, (peyyos,
avyri. Kai virb Qpvywv Xvkos. Sir W. M. Ramsay in the Joum. Rom. Stud. 1918 vii. 145
and in the Jonrn. Hell. Stud. 1920 xl. 197, 202 adopts the last expedient, takes Ados to
mean 'the Wolf,' and cp. Lyk(dbasT) Sozon on a ^aw'-autonomous copper of Themisonion
in Phrygia (Imhoof-Blumer Kleinas. Miinz. i. 299 no. 1, Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Phrygia
pp. civ, 419 pi. 49, 2 obv. AVK " CflZflN Bust of the god, radiate). I prefer to regard
Ados as a Persian ethnic, because 'HXtoSpo/xo? is in obvious allusion to the Mithraic
'HXtoSpo/^oi (A. Dieterich Eine Mithrasliturgie'1 Leipzig und Berlin 1910 p. 151)—indeed,
the titles Ados 'H\(o5p6/ios Zet/s would tally with the grades Ferses, Heliodromus, Pater
(supra i. 443 n. 1). Cp. also Hesych. Mr/Siveijs, p-r/devs wapaprjSorLouv. ~Mrj8aw\ws. wapd
de At'5o?s 6 2ei)s feOo"ts (cod.), which M. Schmidt prints as Mtjdivevs- M?;5et5s, 7rapd
[p.T]5oriovv. p.7]8a,Tr\Qs.~\ Trapd de AvSois 6 Zei)s [fcvcris]. P. Carolidis Bemerkungen zu den
alteti kleinasiatischen Sprachen und Mythen Strassburg 1913 p. 88 connects (unconvinc-
ing!}') MijSetfs, lA.r\b~Lvem with MZ5<xs.
6 J. Rendel Harris The Dioscuri in the Christian Legends London 1903 pp. 1 f., 52 f.,
id. The Cult of the Heavenly Twins Cambridge 1906 p. 58 ff.
father of the Lydians, was recognised also by the Phrygians1. He
seems to have been called Masnes by the logographer Xanthos2, a
Lydian who wrote four books on Lydia in the reign of Artaxerxes i
(465—425 B.C.)3. Manes later passed as the son of Zeus and Ge4.
Indeed, an inscription discovered at Oturak by Sir W. M. Ramsay
actually identifies him with Zeus5. Atys and Kotys may, therefore,
have been regarded as Dioskouroi, sons of Zeus ; and the assonance
of their names is, as Dr Rendel Harris has abundantly shown6,
characteristic of divine twins. Nevertheless the whole case is com-
1 P. Hirsch Phrygiae de nominibus oppidorum Regimontii Borussiae 1884 p. 29,
Perrot—Chipiez Hist, de P Art v. 31 n. 2, W. Drexler in Roscher Lex. Myth. ii.
-2316.
2 Xanthos (Frag. hist. Gr. iv. 629 Miiller) ap. Hephaist. ench. 1. 7 p. 6, 1 Consbruch
and ap. Choirobosk. in Hephaist. ench. 1. 7 p. 199, 5 Consbruch had Md^j^s as the
name of a Lydian river. In Dion. Hal. ant. Rom. 1. 27 cod. Vat. spells the king's name
~Sldavew ; and this may be right, since Dionysios id. 1. 28 goes on to quote Xanthos
frag. 1 (Frag. hist. Gr. i. 36 Miiller).
3 W. Christ Geschichte der griechischen Litteratur^ jNIlinchen 1908 i. 428 f.
4 Dion. Hal. ant. Rom. 1. 27.
5 Sir W. M. Ramsay in the Jonrn. Hell. Stud. 1883 iv. 419 ff. no. 33^ [d]ddvaros
'ETTLTvi'-^a\[i']os Ilt'ou Tifxrjd(e)ls i'Trb 'E/cd!T7;s Trp&TTjs, 8evre[p]\ov vtto Mdvou Adov | ['H]\io-
8pbp.ov Aids, Tpi tov <%>oi[3ov '' A.pxyyeTo[y\ j Xpr/afiodorov d\\rjdu)S 5u> [p]ov i\aj3\[o]v XPV^llf1]0-
86ti\v d\i]\[6e]ias iv \ iraTpi\8i x.e (i)v 6|[p]ois xp\\.rl](TlX0$\°TLV I vb/xovs Tid(e)?v (perhaps
ri(e)iv) iv opens I \x\p-q<rp.o<5bTiv \ [ir]acriv tovto ?xw 5wj[p]oi' il; ddavd^Tuv iravruv k.t.X.
an inscription of 313—314a.D. from the neighbourhood of Akmoneia accompanied by
a series of three reliefs—above, a radiate head ; in the middle, the rider-god with a
battle-axe over his shoulder (much defaced); below, a bust with hands folded across
breast. The altar adorned with these carvings commemorates several members of
one family, two at least of whom held office as dpx^pevs in some pagan cult. The god
Manes Daes (or Daos) Heliodromos Zeus is of mixed origin. Manes was father of Akmon,
founder of Akmoneia (Alexandres Polyhistor frag. 45 (Frag. hist. Gr. iii. 233) ap. Steph.
Byz. s.v. 'AKfj-ovia). Daes (or Daos) might be the singular of the Scythian tribe Adcu,
Aacu, Adoi, Daliae (W. Tomaschek in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. iv. 1945^) ; Daos, the
singular of the nomad Persians called Adoc by Hdt. 1. 125 (id. ib. iv. 2133) : other
possibilities would be to see in Daes the masculine deity corresponding with the femi-
nine Daeira (supra i. 212), or to quote Hesych. ddos- <pGis, SaSa. irvp, (p\6^, (peyyos,
avyri. Kai virb Qpvywv Xvkos. Sir W. M. Ramsay in the Joum. Rom. Stud. 1918 vii. 145
and in the Jonrn. Hell. Stud. 1920 xl. 197, 202 adopts the last expedient, takes Ados to
mean 'the Wolf,' and cp. Lyk(dbasT) Sozon on a ^aw'-autonomous copper of Themisonion
in Phrygia (Imhoof-Blumer Kleinas. Miinz. i. 299 no. 1, Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Phrygia
pp. civ, 419 pi. 49, 2 obv. AVK " CflZflN Bust of the god, radiate). I prefer to regard
Ados as a Persian ethnic, because 'HXtoSpo/xo? is in obvious allusion to the Mithraic
'HXtoSpo/^oi (A. Dieterich Eine Mithrasliturgie'1 Leipzig und Berlin 1910 p. 151)—indeed,
the titles Ados 'H\(o5p6/ios Zet/s would tally with the grades Ferses, Heliodromus, Pater
(supra i. 443 n. 1). Cp. also Hesych. Mr/Siveijs, p-r/devs wapaprjSorLouv. ~Mrj8aw\ws. wapd
de At'5o?s 6 2ei)s feOo"ts (cod.), which M. Schmidt prints as Mtjdivevs- M?;5et5s, 7rapd
[p.T]5oriovv. p.7]8a,Tr\Qs.~\ Trapd de AvSois 6 Zei)s [fcvcris]. P. Carolidis Bemerkungen zu den
alteti kleinasiatischen Sprachen und Mythen Strassburg 1913 p. 88 connects (unconvinc-
ing!}') MijSetfs, lA.r\b~Lvem with MZ5<xs.
6 J. Rendel Harris The Dioscuri in the Christian Legends London 1903 pp. 1 f., 52 f.,
id. The Cult of the Heavenly Twins Cambridge 1906 p. 58 ff.