DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.14696#0384
318 Zeus duplicated on a gem
bius, it is true, tried to explain Didymatos by the ' twofold' aspect
of Apollon, who shines with direct rays in the sun, with reflected
rays in the moon1; and Lucian held that Didyma was named
after the Heavenly 'Twins2.' But such guesses, whether ancient
or modern3, make shipwreck on the fact that other place-names
of south-western Asia Minor (Idyma, Sidyma, Loryma, Kibyma,
Olymos) point to a Carian4, not to a Greek3, origin. I cannot, there-
fore, agree with my friend Dr Rendel Harris, when he urges ' that
Didyma was an original twin-town6.'
((B) Zeus duplicated on a gem.
Equally illusory is the monumental evidence that has been pro-
duced in support of a twin Zeus. An
engraved cornelian of Roman date in
the Berlin collection (fig. 200)7 cer-
tainly shows two very similar forms of
Zeus seated side by side, each holding
a thunderbolt in his right hand and an
eagle-sceptre in his left. Above them
appears a bearded (?) male head8;
and beneath them are the letters M V H.
This enigmatic design has exercised the ingenuity of archaeologists.
'EoTta? 77\v BovXaiav /ecu rbv ALa xal tt)v 'Adrjvdv ko.1 | rot's aXXoi's deovs in a treaty of
April 180 B.C. (?) with Herakleia on Mt Latmos, cp. infra § 9 (h) i), as 'Tertos (at Didyma :
see infra § 9 (h) i). For the Milesian festival known as Ai6s (Bovs see supra i. 717 n. 2,
infra § 9 (h) i, and B. Haussoullier ' Le culte de Zeus a Didymes, la Bo^Za' in the
Melanges Henri Weil Paris 1898 pp. 147—158.
1 Macrob. Sat. 1. 17. 64. 2 Loukian. de astrol. 23.
3 See e.g. A. Bouche-Leclercq Histoire de la divination dans Vantiquite" Paris 1880 iii.
231 n. 4.
4 L. Biirchner in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. v. 437.
5 Pace the frequent topographical use of the Greek A/Si'/xa, AicSu/xcu, Aid^firj, A18v/j.oi,
Al5vfj.ov (W. Pape—G. E. Benseler Worterbuch der griechischen Eigennamen3 Braun-
schweig 1875 i. 297 f., A. Fick Vorgriechische Ortsnamen Gottingen 1905 p. 15).
6 Rendel Harris Boanerges Cambridge 1913 p. 318.
7 Furtwangler Geschnitt. Steine Berlin p. 121 no. 2608 pi. 23 ( = niy fig. 200: scale \),
J. J. Winckelmann Description des pierres gravies du feu Baron de Stoscli Florence 1760
ii Classe no. 42, A. H. F. von Schlichtegroll Choix des principales Pierres gravies de la
collection qui appartenait autrefois an Baron de Stosc/i et qui se trouve maintenant dans le
Cabinet du Roi de Prusse Nuremberg 1798 (a German ed. was issued under the title
Dactyliotlieca Stoschiand) ii Classe no. 42 pi. 21, E. Gerhard Prodromus mythologischer
Kunsterkldrung (Text to Gerhard Ant- Bildw.) Miinchen 1828—1844 p. 129 n. 35,
id. Zwei Minerven (Winckelmannsfest-Progr. Berlin viii) Berlin 1848 p. 5 n. 13 pi. r, 5,
C. Lenormant Nouvelle galerie mythologique (Tresor de numismatique et de glyptique)
Paris 1850 p. 47 f. no. 4 pi. 8, Overbeck Gr. Kunstmyth. Zeus p. 257 f. Gemmentaf. 3, 6.
8 Gerhard Zwei Minerven p. 5 n. 13 (followed by Overbeck loc. cit.) says: 'der
oberwarts befindliche anscheinend weibliche Kopf.' Furtwangler loc. cit. tacitly corrects
him : ' Oben ein undeutlicher bartiger Kopf.' The blunder was facilitated by the fact
bius, it is true, tried to explain Didymatos by the ' twofold' aspect
of Apollon, who shines with direct rays in the sun, with reflected
rays in the moon1; and Lucian held that Didyma was named
after the Heavenly 'Twins2.' But such guesses, whether ancient
or modern3, make shipwreck on the fact that other place-names
of south-western Asia Minor (Idyma, Sidyma, Loryma, Kibyma,
Olymos) point to a Carian4, not to a Greek3, origin. I cannot, there-
fore, agree with my friend Dr Rendel Harris, when he urges ' that
Didyma was an original twin-town6.'
((B) Zeus duplicated on a gem.
Equally illusory is the monumental evidence that has been pro-
duced in support of a twin Zeus. An
engraved cornelian of Roman date in
the Berlin collection (fig. 200)7 cer-
tainly shows two very similar forms of
Zeus seated side by side, each holding
a thunderbolt in his right hand and an
eagle-sceptre in his left. Above them
appears a bearded (?) male head8;
and beneath them are the letters M V H.
This enigmatic design has exercised the ingenuity of archaeologists.
'EoTta? 77\v BovXaiav /ecu rbv ALa xal tt)v 'Adrjvdv ko.1 | rot's aXXoi's deovs in a treaty of
April 180 B.C. (?) with Herakleia on Mt Latmos, cp. infra § 9 (h) i), as 'Tertos (at Didyma :
see infra § 9 (h) i). For the Milesian festival known as Ai6s (Bovs see supra i. 717 n. 2,
infra § 9 (h) i, and B. Haussoullier ' Le culte de Zeus a Didymes, la Bo^Za' in the
Melanges Henri Weil Paris 1898 pp. 147—158.
1 Macrob. Sat. 1. 17. 64. 2 Loukian. de astrol. 23.
3 See e.g. A. Bouche-Leclercq Histoire de la divination dans Vantiquite" Paris 1880 iii.
231 n. 4.
4 L. Biirchner in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. v. 437.
5 Pace the frequent topographical use of the Greek A/Si'/xa, AicSu/xcu, Aid^firj, A18v/j.oi,
Al5vfj.ov (W. Pape—G. E. Benseler Worterbuch der griechischen Eigennamen3 Braun-
schweig 1875 i. 297 f., A. Fick Vorgriechische Ortsnamen Gottingen 1905 p. 15).
6 Rendel Harris Boanerges Cambridge 1913 p. 318.
7 Furtwangler Geschnitt. Steine Berlin p. 121 no. 2608 pi. 23 ( = niy fig. 200: scale \),
J. J. Winckelmann Description des pierres gravies du feu Baron de Stoscli Florence 1760
ii Classe no. 42, A. H. F. von Schlichtegroll Choix des principales Pierres gravies de la
collection qui appartenait autrefois an Baron de Stosc/i et qui se trouve maintenant dans le
Cabinet du Roi de Prusse Nuremberg 1798 (a German ed. was issued under the title
Dactyliotlieca Stoschiand) ii Classe no. 42 pi. 21, E. Gerhard Prodromus mythologischer
Kunsterkldrung (Text to Gerhard Ant- Bildw.) Miinchen 1828—1844 p. 129 n. 35,
id. Zwei Minerven (Winckelmannsfest-Progr. Berlin viii) Berlin 1848 p. 5 n. 13 pi. r, 5,
C. Lenormant Nouvelle galerie mythologique (Tresor de numismatique et de glyptique)
Paris 1850 p. 47 f. no. 4 pi. 8, Overbeck Gr. Kunstmyth. Zeus p. 257 f. Gemmentaf. 3, 6.
8 Gerhard Zwei Minerven p. 5 n. 13 (followed by Overbeck loc. cit.) says: 'der
oberwarts befindliche anscheinend weibliche Kopf.' Furtwangler loc. cit. tacitly corrects
him : ' Oben ein undeutlicher bartiger Kopf.' The blunder was facilitated by the fact