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https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.14696#0417
350 Zan an older Zeus
The same may be said of the ritual chant at Dodona, where the
Peleiades are reported to have sung :
Zeus was, Zeus is, Zeus shall be : O Great Zeus !
Earth sends up fruits ; so hymn ye Mother Earth1.
The epithet ' Great Zeus' inclines me to suspect that here too Zeus
had displaced Zan. M. Mayer's notion that the older name of
the god (*Djan, Zan) has survived in the modern Jdnina2 is, I fear,
a simple mirage3. But it is tempting to seek, with R. Meister, the
female counterpart of Zan in *DzainaA or * Diane'", the weak forms
corresponding with the strong form Didne6.
Sitzungsber. d. Heidelb. Akad. d. Wiss. Phil.-hist. Classe 1915 Abh. v, id. ' Nochmals
zum Tod des grossen Pan' in the Wiener Studien 1916 xxxviii. 343—376.
1 Paus. 10. 12. 10 ras HeXetdSas (so F. Sylburg for IleXtdoas codd.) 8e <&t][aov6t]s re e'rt
irporepas yeveadai \eyovcri, /cat qaai yvvaiKu>i> irpihras rdSe to. em)' Zevs ijv, Zeus effri (eariv
codd. Pc. M. Vb. Vn. In cod. La. the v is erased), Zeus eaaerai (so cod. Pa. eVerat codd.
cett.)" u jU.e70.Xe Zed. j rS Kapwovs aviei (so codd. Pd. Ag. aviei cod. Pc. dpt'et codd. cett.),
did KXrji'ere /xarepa (so L. Dindorf for fx^rlpa codd.) Taiaf.
- M. Mayer Die Giganten und Titanen Berlin 1887 p. 83 n. 71.
3 See W. M. Leake Travels in Northern Greece London 1835 lv- r30 'To. 'Iwdvviva, as
the name of this city occurs in the Byzantine history, and is still written by ecclesiastics,
is corrupted in the vulgar idiom to 'la.vvi.va, 'Idveva, Tidveva, or more frequently Tidvviva,
from whence the Italian form Giannina. The ordinary pronunciation conforms to the
vulgar spelling, and may be nearly represented in English by Yannina ; but the better
educated not only adhere to the orthography derived from the name ^ludvv^s, but preserve
also the sound of the omega in vocal utterance.' This paragraph was penned while Leake
was staying at ' Ioannina ' in July, 1809.
4 Apollod. ap. schol. Od. 3. 91 tbs /cat ^"Hpa Aiaivrj (diaivrj codd. H.Q. Siovr; cod. M.
P. Buttmann cj. Aiwvyj). C. A. Lobeck Pathologiae sermonis Graeci prolegomena Lipsiae
1843 p. 32 n. 27 and K. W. Dindorf in Stephanus Thes. Gr. Ling. ii. 1595 c accept
Buttmann's Amvtj. W. Pape—G. E. Benseler Worterbitch der griechischen Eigennamen3
Braunschweig 1875 x- 29^ are ^ess positive : ' Aiaivr], f. «ie((. Aidivt],' etc. C. T. Angermann
in the Studien ztir grieekischen und lateinischen Grammatik ed. by G. Curtius Leipzig
1868 i. 59 n. 1 defends Aialviq : ' Seel quidni Dodonaei AtatV?;, quam formam regularem esse
cognovimus, servari (sic) potuerint ?' Finally, R. Meister in the Ber. sticks. Gesellsch. d.
Wiss. Phil.-hist. Classe 1894 p. 201 says : ' Dass der Scholiast oder seine Quelle AiaLvr)
mit -r) schrieb statt Aiaiva mit dem allein berechtigten -a, ist ein Fehler, den bereits
Welcker, Gr. Gotterlehre 1, 353 [" Aiaivr} (Aiaiva)"] corrigirt hat.'
5 See infra n. 6, and cp. the formation of evSiavos (Find. 01. 9. 146 f. \pvxpdv...
eudiavbv (pdpfiaKov avpdv. In Pyth. 5. 10 J. G.J. Hermann and A. Boeckh read evdiavbs
for ei'Siav 6s k.t.X. with J. G. Schneider, who cited evdtavriv from the cod. Voss. of Plat.
legg. 919 a evdiei.v7iv yaX'qv^v—see Steph. Thes. Gr. Ling. iii. 2224 b).
6 R. Meister 'liber die Namen : " Aiwvtj, Zrjv, Zdv"' in the Ber. sacks. Gesellsch. d.
Wiss. Phil.-hist. Classe 1894 p. 200 ff. : ' Wir fmden auf griechischem Boden die starke
Form dieses -e«-Stammes vertreten mit t?-Farbung des Suffixvocals in dfi-on-: *Aiwv,
Allovtj, und mit ^-Farbung in di-en-: Zrjv. *A'k>)v, Aiuivrj waren die altdodonaischen
Himmelsgotter; fiir den Namen *Aiwv trat spater ZeusNdtos ein, der Name Aiuvrj erhielt
sich. Neben diesen beiden starken Stammformen * Aiwv und Zrjv lassen sich im Griech-
ischen zwei schwache Stammformen nachweisen : (1) Su-av- (d.i. urspr. dii-n- vor Vocalen
und vor t) in Aiaiva, (2) 5^-d^- (d.i. urspr. di-n-, ebenso vor Vocalen und vor i) in Zd^-,
dem Ausgangspunkt ftir die Neubildung des Flexionssystems Zav, Za^os____ Ein zweite
Bildung von diesem schwachen Stamm 5u-av- wiirden wir in diaivw "befeuchte " vor uns
The same may be said of the ritual chant at Dodona, where the
Peleiades are reported to have sung :
Zeus was, Zeus is, Zeus shall be : O Great Zeus !
Earth sends up fruits ; so hymn ye Mother Earth1.
The epithet ' Great Zeus' inclines me to suspect that here too Zeus
had displaced Zan. M. Mayer's notion that the older name of
the god (*Djan, Zan) has survived in the modern Jdnina2 is, I fear,
a simple mirage3. But it is tempting to seek, with R. Meister, the
female counterpart of Zan in *DzainaA or * Diane'", the weak forms
corresponding with the strong form Didne6.
Sitzungsber. d. Heidelb. Akad. d. Wiss. Phil.-hist. Classe 1915 Abh. v, id. ' Nochmals
zum Tod des grossen Pan' in the Wiener Studien 1916 xxxviii. 343—376.
1 Paus. 10. 12. 10 ras HeXetdSas (so F. Sylburg for IleXtdoas codd.) 8e <&t][aov6t]s re e'rt
irporepas yeveadai \eyovcri, /cat qaai yvvaiKu>i> irpihras rdSe to. em)' Zevs ijv, Zeus effri (eariv
codd. Pc. M. Vb. Vn. In cod. La. the v is erased), Zeus eaaerai (so cod. Pa. eVerat codd.
cett.)" u jU.e70.Xe Zed. j rS Kapwovs aviei (so codd. Pd. Ag. aviei cod. Pc. dpt'et codd. cett.),
did KXrji'ere /xarepa (so L. Dindorf for fx^rlpa codd.) Taiaf.
- M. Mayer Die Giganten und Titanen Berlin 1887 p. 83 n. 71.
3 See W. M. Leake Travels in Northern Greece London 1835 lv- r30 'To. 'Iwdvviva, as
the name of this city occurs in the Byzantine history, and is still written by ecclesiastics,
is corrupted in the vulgar idiom to 'la.vvi.va, 'Idveva, Tidveva, or more frequently Tidvviva,
from whence the Italian form Giannina. The ordinary pronunciation conforms to the
vulgar spelling, and may be nearly represented in English by Yannina ; but the better
educated not only adhere to the orthography derived from the name ^ludvv^s, but preserve
also the sound of the omega in vocal utterance.' This paragraph was penned while Leake
was staying at ' Ioannina ' in July, 1809.
4 Apollod. ap. schol. Od. 3. 91 tbs /cat ^"Hpa Aiaivrj (diaivrj codd. H.Q. Siovr; cod. M.
P. Buttmann cj. Aiwvyj). C. A. Lobeck Pathologiae sermonis Graeci prolegomena Lipsiae
1843 p. 32 n. 27 and K. W. Dindorf in Stephanus Thes. Gr. Ling. ii. 1595 c accept
Buttmann's Amvtj. W. Pape—G. E. Benseler Worterbitch der griechischen Eigennamen3
Braunschweig 1875 x- 29^ are ^ess positive : ' Aiaivr], f. «ie((. Aidivt],' etc. C. T. Angermann
in the Studien ztir grieekischen und lateinischen Grammatik ed. by G. Curtius Leipzig
1868 i. 59 n. 1 defends Aialviq : ' Seel quidni Dodonaei AtatV?;, quam formam regularem esse
cognovimus, servari (sic) potuerint ?' Finally, R. Meister in the Ber. sticks. Gesellsch. d.
Wiss. Phil.-hist. Classe 1894 p. 201 says : ' Dass der Scholiast oder seine Quelle AiaLvr)
mit -r) schrieb statt Aiaiva mit dem allein berechtigten -a, ist ein Fehler, den bereits
Welcker, Gr. Gotterlehre 1, 353 [" Aiaivr} (Aiaiva)"] corrigirt hat.'
5 See infra n. 6, and cp. the formation of evSiavos (Find. 01. 9. 146 f. \pvxpdv...
eudiavbv (pdpfiaKov avpdv. In Pyth. 5. 10 J. G.J. Hermann and A. Boeckh read evdiavbs
for ei'Siav 6s k.t.X. with J. G. Schneider, who cited evdtavriv from the cod. Voss. of Plat.
legg. 919 a evdiei.v7iv yaX'qv^v—see Steph. Thes. Gr. Ling. iii. 2224 b).
6 R. Meister 'liber die Namen : " Aiwvtj, Zrjv, Zdv"' in the Ber. sacks. Gesellsch. d.
Wiss. Phil.-hist. Classe 1894 p. 200 ff. : ' Wir fmden auf griechischem Boden die starke
Form dieses -e«-Stammes vertreten mit t?-Farbung des Suffixvocals in dfi-on-: *Aiwv,
Allovtj, und mit ^-Farbung in di-en-: Zrjv. *A'k>)v, Aiuivrj waren die altdodonaischen
Himmelsgotter; fiir den Namen *Aiwv trat spater ZeusNdtos ein, der Name Aiuvrj erhielt
sich. Neben diesen beiden starken Stammformen * Aiwv und Zrjv lassen sich im Griech-
ischen zwei schwache Stammformen nachweisen : (1) Su-av- (d.i. urspr. dii-n- vor Vocalen
und vor t) in Aiaiva, (2) 5^-d^- (d.i. urspr. di-n-, ebenso vor Vocalen und vor i) in Zd^-,
dem Ausgangspunkt ftir die Neubildung des Flexionssystems Zav, Za^os____ Ein zweite
Bildung von diesem schwachen Stamm 5u-av- wiirden wir in diaivw "befeuchte " vor uns