DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.14696#0522
The effeminate Twin
451
standing, Schwartz has fastened on a possibility that merits con-
sideration. The comparative feebleness of one of the twins is
certainly a recurring feature1, and may presuppose loss of virility.
Dr Rendel Harris2 points out that on the chest of Kypselos one of
the Dioskouroi was bearded, the other beardless3,—a distinction
found also on a sarcophagus at Aries4. The mystical school of
Epimenides5 even maintained that the Dioskouroi were respec-
tively male and female6. Whether Iphikles, sometimes called
die Geschichte des kleinen Hans aufmerksam durchsieht, wird auch in dieser die reich-
lichsten Zeugnisse daftir finden, dass der Vater als der Besitzer des grossen Genitales
bewundert und als der Bedroher des eigenen Genitales gefurchtet wird. Im Odipus- wie
im Kastrationskomplex spielt der Vater die namliche Rolle, die des gefiirchteten Gegners
der infantilen Sexualinteressen. Die Kastration und ihr Ersatz durch die Blendung ist
die von ihm drohende Strafe' (English ed. Lojidon 1919 p. 216).
1 In the Iliad Machaon is more to the fore than his brother Podaleirios : cp. Hyg.
fab. 97, where Machaon takes twenty ships to Troy, Podaleirios ten. But later epos
distinguished Machaon as surgeon from Podaleirios as physician, and preferred the less
drastic art. See Turk in Roscher Lex. Myth. iii. 2587 f., Liibker Reallex? p. 627.
U. von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff Isyllos von Epidauros Berlin 1886 p. 51 regards
IlooaXetpios as a Carian name, cp. Steph. Byz. s.v. 1,vpva4 ttoXls Kapta?, eKTicrrai Se virb
HodaXeLpiov. k.t.X. and IIoodAeta in central Lykia. The Greeks, however, here as else-
where [supra i. 25), tried to extract sense from the Carian name (el. Gad. p. 471, 28 ff.
—et. mag. p. 678, 17 ff., Favorin. lex. p. 1525, 4 f., Eustath. in II. pp. 395, 32, 962, 59 ff.);
and modern critics have followed suit. T. Panofka in the Abh. d. berl. Akad. 1S45 Phil.-
hist. Classe p. 34.2 f. renders ' weissfiissig, schnell,' cp. ■wohdpyr\%; W. Pape—G. E. Benseler
Worterbuch der griechischen EigennamenA Braunschweig 1875 ii. 1215, ' Rosentreter od.
Zierfuss '; A. Fick—F. Bechtel Die griechischen Persoiieiinamen'1 Gottingen 1894 pp. 397,
406, ' zart, schwach ?' + ' Fuss,' followed by S. Eitrem Die gbttlichen Zwillinge bei den
Griechen (Videnskabsselskabets Skrifter II. Historisk-filos. Klasse 1902 No. 2) Christiania
1902 p. 93 'der schwachfiissige'; A. Fick in the Beitrdge zur Kunde der indogerman-
ischen Sprachen 1902 xxvi. 320, ' schmalfuss.' UooaXeiptos, understood as 'Lily-loot'
implying weakness in the feet (on the Francois-vase Hephaistos' distorted feet are white :
Furtwangler—Reichhold Gr. Vasenmalerei i. 6 pi. 1—2), might well be contrasted with
Ma^awe, whose name was connected with /xax7? (S. Eitrem loc. cit. p. 92) rather than
with fxrixos, /xaxos (A. Fick—E. Bechtel op. cit.'1 pp. 198, 399, A. Fick loc. cit. [902 xxvi.
320 f.) or with fxarreiv (H. Usener Gotternamen Bonn 1896 pp. 150 n. 8, 170).
Mr E. S. Hartland has suggested to me in conversation (Oct. 1, 1918) that a Biblical
parallel is to be found in the case of Jacob and Esau. The analogy is indeed singularly
complete ; for the statement that the mysterious Wrestler ' touched the hollow of Jacob's
thigh in the sinew of the hip' (Gen. 32. 32, cp. 32. 25) may, as Mr Hartland urges, refer to
the genitalia (see J. Skinner A Critical and Exegetical Co??imentary on Genesis Edinburgh
1910 pp. 341 f., 410 f.).
2 J. Rendel Harris The Cult of the Heavenly Twins Cambridge 1906 pp. 46, 91.
3 Paus. 5. 19. 2.
4 M. Albert Le culte de Castor et Pollux en Italie Paris 1883 p. 108 f., Robert Sark.-
Kelfs iii. 2. 194 ff. pi. 50, 160 (bearded figure in right hand corner) and 160 a (beardless
figure in left hand corner), Reinach Rip. Reliefs ii. 212 nos. 1 f. (detail not shown).
5 On oi wepi ''EtiriiJ.eviSrfv see A. Dieterich Abraxas Leipzig 1891 p. 130 n. 1 ('neu-
pythagoreisch-neuplatonische Meinungen uber die Weltschopfung').
6 Lyd. de mens. 4. 17 p. 78, 20 ff. oi 5e vepi 'ETTLueviSrjv appeva km. 6rj\eLav ip.vdevo~av
tous ALOffKOpovs, tov p.tv aiujva, diairep /novdda, tt)v 8e (pvam, cus SvdSa, KaXeaavres ' ex. yap
p.ovd5os /cat Sv&Oos 6 was faoyoviKos /cat \pvxoyovLKbs i^e^XdiTTrjffev dpidpios.
29 — 2
451
standing, Schwartz has fastened on a possibility that merits con-
sideration. The comparative feebleness of one of the twins is
certainly a recurring feature1, and may presuppose loss of virility.
Dr Rendel Harris2 points out that on the chest of Kypselos one of
the Dioskouroi was bearded, the other beardless3,—a distinction
found also on a sarcophagus at Aries4. The mystical school of
Epimenides5 even maintained that the Dioskouroi were respec-
tively male and female6. Whether Iphikles, sometimes called
die Geschichte des kleinen Hans aufmerksam durchsieht, wird auch in dieser die reich-
lichsten Zeugnisse daftir finden, dass der Vater als der Besitzer des grossen Genitales
bewundert und als der Bedroher des eigenen Genitales gefurchtet wird. Im Odipus- wie
im Kastrationskomplex spielt der Vater die namliche Rolle, die des gefiirchteten Gegners
der infantilen Sexualinteressen. Die Kastration und ihr Ersatz durch die Blendung ist
die von ihm drohende Strafe' (English ed. Lojidon 1919 p. 216).
1 In the Iliad Machaon is more to the fore than his brother Podaleirios : cp. Hyg.
fab. 97, where Machaon takes twenty ships to Troy, Podaleirios ten. But later epos
distinguished Machaon as surgeon from Podaleirios as physician, and preferred the less
drastic art. See Turk in Roscher Lex. Myth. iii. 2587 f., Liibker Reallex? p. 627.
U. von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff Isyllos von Epidauros Berlin 1886 p. 51 regards
IlooaXetpios as a Carian name, cp. Steph. Byz. s.v. 1,vpva4 ttoXls Kapta?, eKTicrrai Se virb
HodaXeLpiov. k.t.X. and IIoodAeta in central Lykia. The Greeks, however, here as else-
where [supra i. 25), tried to extract sense from the Carian name (el. Gad. p. 471, 28 ff.
—et. mag. p. 678, 17 ff., Favorin. lex. p. 1525, 4 f., Eustath. in II. pp. 395, 32, 962, 59 ff.);
and modern critics have followed suit. T. Panofka in the Abh. d. berl. Akad. 1S45 Phil.-
hist. Classe p. 34.2 f. renders ' weissfiissig, schnell,' cp. ■wohdpyr\%; W. Pape—G. E. Benseler
Worterbuch der griechischen EigennamenA Braunschweig 1875 ii. 1215, ' Rosentreter od.
Zierfuss '; A. Fick—F. Bechtel Die griechischen Persoiieiinamen'1 Gottingen 1894 pp. 397,
406, ' zart, schwach ?' + ' Fuss,' followed by S. Eitrem Die gbttlichen Zwillinge bei den
Griechen (Videnskabsselskabets Skrifter II. Historisk-filos. Klasse 1902 No. 2) Christiania
1902 p. 93 'der schwachfiissige'; A. Fick in the Beitrdge zur Kunde der indogerman-
ischen Sprachen 1902 xxvi. 320, ' schmalfuss.' UooaXeiptos, understood as 'Lily-loot'
implying weakness in the feet (on the Francois-vase Hephaistos' distorted feet are white :
Furtwangler—Reichhold Gr. Vasenmalerei i. 6 pi. 1—2), might well be contrasted with
Ma^awe, whose name was connected with /xax7? (S. Eitrem loc. cit. p. 92) rather than
with fxrixos, /xaxos (A. Fick—E. Bechtel op. cit.'1 pp. 198, 399, A. Fick loc. cit. [902 xxvi.
320 f.) or with fxarreiv (H. Usener Gotternamen Bonn 1896 pp. 150 n. 8, 170).
Mr E. S. Hartland has suggested to me in conversation (Oct. 1, 1918) that a Biblical
parallel is to be found in the case of Jacob and Esau. The analogy is indeed singularly
complete ; for the statement that the mysterious Wrestler ' touched the hollow of Jacob's
thigh in the sinew of the hip' (Gen. 32. 32, cp. 32. 25) may, as Mr Hartland urges, refer to
the genitalia (see J. Skinner A Critical and Exegetical Co??imentary on Genesis Edinburgh
1910 pp. 341 f., 410 f.).
2 J. Rendel Harris The Cult of the Heavenly Twins Cambridge 1906 pp. 46, 91.
3 Paus. 5. 19. 2.
4 M. Albert Le culte de Castor et Pollux en Italie Paris 1883 p. 108 f., Robert Sark.-
Kelfs iii. 2. 194 ff. pi. 50, 160 (bearded figure in right hand corner) and 160 a (beardless
figure in left hand corner), Reinach Rip. Reliefs ii. 212 nos. 1 f. (detail not shown).
5 On oi wepi ''EtiriiJ.eviSrfv see A. Dieterich Abraxas Leipzig 1891 p. 130 n. 1 ('neu-
pythagoreisch-neuplatonische Meinungen uber die Weltschopfung').
6 Lyd. de mens. 4. 17 p. 78, 20 ff. oi 5e vepi 'ETTLueviSrjv appeva km. 6rj\eLav ip.vdevo~av
tous ALOffKOpovs, tov p.tv aiujva, diairep /novdda, tt)v 8e (pvam, cus SvdSa, KaXeaavres ' ex. yap
p.ovd5os /cat Sv&Oos 6 was faoyoviKos /cat \pvxoyovLKbs i^e^XdiTTrjffev dpidpios.
29 — 2