DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.14696#0523
452
Apollon and Artemis
Iphiklos1, can be identified with Iphiklos son of Phylakos, whose
debility was cured by Melampous2, is very doubtful.
(A,) Apollon and Artemis.
If one of the twins, he who stood for the dark nocturnal Sky,
was thus effeminate, the question arises : Can we accept Dr Rendel
Harris' further contention 'that Apollo and Artemis are twins dis-
placing twins'3? A priori such displacement is, of course, quite
thinkable ; yet we cannot, so far as I know, adduce any example of
its actual occurrence. Two ancient cult-centres where it might
naturally have occurred are Delos and Delphoi. At Delos we have
the earlier Hyperborean maidens Opis and Arge4, or Opis and
Hekaerge5, together with their male counterparts Opis and Hekaer-
gos6; we have also the later Hyperborean maidens Hyperoche and
Laodike7. At Delphoi we meet with the heroes Hyperochos and
Laodokos8, or Hyperochos and Amadokos, who were likewise
Hyperboreans9; we meet too with the heroic couple Phylakos and
Autonoos10. But none of these will serve our turn. For the Delian
pairs, if twins11, were not male ; and the Delphian pairs, though male,
were not twins12. On the whole, it seems most likely that Opis and
Arge (Hekaerge) were originally appellatives of Artemis13, and at
least possible that Hyperochos and Laodokos (Amadokos) were
one-time appellatives of Apollon14. The male Opis and Hekaergos
1 Apollod. 2. 7. 3 (where for "I0t/c\os R. Wagner reads 'I(piK\rjs with the epitoma
Vaticana), Uiod. 4. 33, 34, 49.
2 Infra % 3 (c) i (v).
3 J. Rendel Harris The Cult of the Heavenly Twins Cambridge 1906 p. 137.
4 Olen ap. Hdt. 4. 35 ^Qiris and " Apyq.
5 Melanopos of Kyme ap. Paus. 5. 7. 8 *£lwis and 'E/cae'pY??. So also Paus. r. 43. 4,
Claud, de cons. Stil. 3. 253 ff.
6 Plat. Axioch. 371 A, interp. Serv. in Verg. Aen, it. 532, cp. Cic. de nat. deor. 3. 58
(but see Ampel. 9. 7).
7 Hdt. 4. 33—35, Arnob. adv. nat. 6. 6.
8 Paus. 10. 23. 2. 9 Paus. 1. 4. 4. 10 Hdt. 8. 38 f.
11 Claud, de cons. Stil. 3. 253 ff. 0&7rts, 'EfcaepyT], and Aofci form a triad in Kallim.
h. Del. 292 with schol. ad loc, Nonn. Dion. 5. 489 ff., 48. 332 ff., et. mag. p. 641, 56 ff.
12 That Hyperochos and Laodokos (Amadokos) were twins, we are not told. They
are mentioned as a triad along with Pyrrhos, son of Achilles (Paus. 1. 4. 4, 10. 23. 2).
That Phylakos and Autonoos were twins, is very improbable, since their precincts were
some distance apart (Hdt. 8. 39, cp. Paus. 10. 8. 7 with H. Hitzig—H. Bliimner ad loc).
13 See e.g. O. Hofer in Roscher Lex. Myth. iii. 927
ff.
14 'Twepoxos, 'Eminens, Excellens, Superior' (Stephanus Thes. Gr. Ling. viii. 235 c—d).
'A/xcl5okos and AaodoKos are comparable with the Thracian names MrjSoKos, ^irapddoKos,
etc. (F. H. M. Blaydes on Aristoph. ran. 608). AcloSokos was perhaps changed into the
more intelligible AaodiKos, whence AaodiK-rj—a favourite name in the family of Seleukos
(O. Hoffmann Die Makedonen, ihre Spracke und ihr Volkstum Gdttingen 1906 p. 220) :
but this is guessing in the dark.
Apollon and Artemis
Iphiklos1, can be identified with Iphiklos son of Phylakos, whose
debility was cured by Melampous2, is very doubtful.
(A,) Apollon and Artemis.
If one of the twins, he who stood for the dark nocturnal Sky,
was thus effeminate, the question arises : Can we accept Dr Rendel
Harris' further contention 'that Apollo and Artemis are twins dis-
placing twins'3? A priori such displacement is, of course, quite
thinkable ; yet we cannot, so far as I know, adduce any example of
its actual occurrence. Two ancient cult-centres where it might
naturally have occurred are Delos and Delphoi. At Delos we have
the earlier Hyperborean maidens Opis and Arge4, or Opis and
Hekaerge5, together with their male counterparts Opis and Hekaer-
gos6; we have also the later Hyperborean maidens Hyperoche and
Laodike7. At Delphoi we meet with the heroes Hyperochos and
Laodokos8, or Hyperochos and Amadokos, who were likewise
Hyperboreans9; we meet too with the heroic couple Phylakos and
Autonoos10. But none of these will serve our turn. For the Delian
pairs, if twins11, were not male ; and the Delphian pairs, though male,
were not twins12. On the whole, it seems most likely that Opis and
Arge (Hekaerge) were originally appellatives of Artemis13, and at
least possible that Hyperochos and Laodokos (Amadokos) were
one-time appellatives of Apollon14. The male Opis and Hekaergos
1 Apollod. 2. 7. 3 (where for "I0t/c\os R. Wagner reads 'I(piK\rjs with the epitoma
Vaticana), Uiod. 4. 33, 34, 49.
2 Infra % 3 (c) i (v).
3 J. Rendel Harris The Cult of the Heavenly Twins Cambridge 1906 p. 137.
4 Olen ap. Hdt. 4. 35 ^Qiris and " Apyq.
5 Melanopos of Kyme ap. Paus. 5. 7. 8 *£lwis and 'E/cae'pY??. So also Paus. r. 43. 4,
Claud, de cons. Stil. 3. 253 ff.
6 Plat. Axioch. 371 A, interp. Serv. in Verg. Aen, it. 532, cp. Cic. de nat. deor. 3. 58
(but see Ampel. 9. 7).
7 Hdt. 4. 33—35, Arnob. adv. nat. 6. 6.
8 Paus. 10. 23. 2. 9 Paus. 1. 4. 4. 10 Hdt. 8. 38 f.
11 Claud, de cons. Stil. 3. 253 ff. 0&7rts, 'EfcaepyT], and Aofci form a triad in Kallim.
h. Del. 292 with schol. ad loc, Nonn. Dion. 5. 489 ff., 48. 332 ff., et. mag. p. 641, 56 ff.
12 That Hyperochos and Laodokos (Amadokos) were twins, we are not told. They
are mentioned as a triad along with Pyrrhos, son of Achilles (Paus. 1. 4. 4, 10. 23. 2).
That Phylakos and Autonoos were twins, is very improbable, since their precincts were
some distance apart (Hdt. 8. 39, cp. Paus. 10. 8. 7 with H. Hitzig—H. Bliimner ad loc).
13 See e.g. O. Hofer in Roscher Lex. Myth. iii. 927
ff.
14 'Twepoxos, 'Eminens, Excellens, Superior' (Stephanus Thes. Gr. Ling. viii. 235 c—d).
'A/xcl5okos and AaodoKos are comparable with the Thracian names MrjSoKos, ^irapddoKos,
etc. (F. H. M. Blaydes on Aristoph. ran. 608). AcloSokos was perhaps changed into the
more intelligible AaodiKos, whence AaodiK-rj—a favourite name in the family of Seleukos
(O. Hoffmann Die Makedonen, ihre Spracke und ihr Volkstum Gdttingen 1906 p. 220) :
but this is guessing in the dark.