Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1925)

488

Apollon and Artemis

Pelop. i no. 950 C, 27 ff.) derives it from an eponymous hero MaXos, of whom he (ib,
no. 950 E, 40 ff.) gives the following stemma :

Zeus
I

Malos = Erato
I

Kleophema = Phlegyas
I

Aigla (Koronis) = Apollon
Asklapios

Isyllos twice (ib. no. 950 C, 27 and 31) ends a hexameter with the appellative MaXedra.
It is natural to suppose that he scanned it MaXedra. But, in view of his derivation from
MdXos, it is at least possible that he scanned by synizesis Makiara. Accordingly Rendel
Harris, like H. Usener Golternamen Bonn 1S96 p. 146 f. and S. Eitrem Die gottlichen
Zwillinge bei den Griechen (Videnskabssehkabets Skrifter. II. Historisk-filos. Klasse 1902
No. 2) Christiania 1902 pp. 100 n. 3, 116, would derive MdXedras from /u-dXea, 'apple-tree,'
cp. Dionysos Suxedr^s (Hesych. s.v.) from avKea. To me it seems more probable that
MdXedras is the ethnic from MdXea or MdXeat (cp. Inscr. Gr. Arc. Lac. Mess, i no. 929
(Prasiai) MaXedra J MaXe'ats and no. 1519 (Tyros) 'AnoXovos e'/x [MaXeats] on a small
bronze lion), the well-known promontory of S.E. Lakonike, whence also Zeus MaXetatos
(Steph. Byz. s.?'. MaXe'a).

(2) The cult of Apollon MaXoets in Lesbos (Thouk. 3. 3 a festival of Apollon MaXoets
outside Mytilene, Inscr. Gr. ins. ii no. 484, 18 ff. (Hiera) ras | re 'AprepuSos Kai 'AirbX-
Xwvos I 'Sla.\(6e)i>TOs dpx'iX°P0V KaL '^[poKapvKa tQv yepeuv f[a] Kopiov 2atir?7pos 'Ac/iX^TTtjtd
= 0. Hoffmann Die Griechischen Dialekte Gdttingen 1893 ii. 119 f. no. 168, 18 ff., who
reads le\poK&pvKa tu>v (i)epeuv after F. Bechtel in Collitz—Bechtel Gr. Dial.- Inschr. i. 98
no. 255, 18 ff., cp. A. Conze Reise anf der lnsel Lesbos Hannover 1865 p. 53 f. pi. 17, r,
Kallim. frag. 543 Schneider ap. Choirobosk. in Theodos. can. masc. 3 (i. 152, 13 ff.
Hilgard) tolovtov yap eVrt Kai Trapa KaXXt/.tdx'J " 6 Se deibwv MaXoes tjXde %o/)6s," dvrl tov
MaXoets- MaXoets <5e eariv 6 Aecrj3ios = Bekker anecd. iii. 1187 fin., Herodian. 7rept Tradwv

frag. 326 (ii. 278, 4 f. Lentz) and ire pi bvo/xaTuiv, ire pi tujv ets els (ii. 619, 6 ff. Lentz)).
The divine title (Hesych. s.v. MaX[X]6ets ■ 'AttoXXwvos eirideTov, 7} eirwvvp.ov) was identical
with a Lesbian place-name (Steph. Byz. s.v. MaX[X]6ets' ' AiroXXwv ev A4<r(3cfl. /cat 6 tSttos
tov iepov MaX[X]6ets, a7rd tov (leg. p.rjXov) rrjs Mavrovs, u>s 'EXXdft/cos ev AeafiiKuiv

trpuoTui (frag. 117 (Frag. hist. Gr. i. 60)), Inscr. Gr. ins. ii no. 74, 5 iv MaXoeirt jxbpov
— O. Hoffmann op. cit. ii. 66 f. no. 90, 5, Aristot. vent. sit. et appell. 973 a 10 f. eVoxXet
Se (sc. KaiKias) tov ~yiiTv\rjvai<xiv Xip.e'va, p.iXi<jra be tov MaXoe^ra with A. Conze op. cit.
p. 7). The aetiological myth, briefly alluded to by Steph. Byz. loc. cit., is given more
fully in the Patmian scholia on Thouk. 3. 3 published by I. Sakkelion in the Rev. Philol.
N.S. 1877 *• • Mantes 'AirokXuiv ' ovtos irapd 'iAiTvXrjvaiois e'n/xaro, a7ro ToiavrrjS 8e
tivos at'rtas. Mayrcb 7] Teipeaiov dvydrrip irepl roiis tottovs x°Pevovaa rovrovs, /xrjXov xpvaovi>
dirb tov irepidepaiov dirihXeaev ' eili-aTO ovv, et evpoi, iepbv ibpvcreiv too dew. evpovaa be to
fxr/Xov, to iepbv ibpvaaTO, Kai MaXoets 'AttoXXw^ evTevdev Trap' avTois €tl/j.S.to. The myth
makes it clear that Apollon's epithet MaXoets was connected, not with MaXe'a the S.E.
headland of Lesbos, but with p,rfXov, an 'apple.' Presumably, then, it was a local title
derived from MaXoets, the 'Apple '-district N. of Mytilene. If so, it may or may not give
us some hint as to the character of the god himself.

(3) At Nisaia, the port of Megara, was an old sanctuary of Demeter MaXo<£6pos with
a ruined roof: among the explanations offered of the cult-epithet was that it had been
given to the goddess by the first men who reared sheep (p.rjXa) in the country (Paus. r.
44. 3). Rasche Lex. Num. vi. 406 and Welcker Gr. Gotlerl. ii. 474 cite a copper of
Pagai, the other port of Megara, struck by Septimius Severus, on which appears Demeter
(? Artemis Stiretpa, cp. Pans. 1. 40. 2 f. with 1. 44. 4. A. B.C.) with a torch in either
hand treading on rocky ground and preceded by a ram. But, since ,uaXa, 'sheep,' is only