Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1925)

The deity of the double axe 557

named after him, and that the memory of him as a rain-god1,

Fig- 435-

Finally, near Carthago Nova in Spain was yet another Hill of Kronos (Polyb. 10. 10.
11 TrpotxayopeueTai Kpovov, Plin. tiat. hist. 3. 19 a promunturio, quod Saturni vocatur).

1 Allegorizing philosophers identified Kronos with dark air (anon. aWrjyopiai dvo/udruv
Be&v in A. Westermann Scriptores poeticae historiae Graeci Bransvigae 1843 p. 328, 11 f.
Zeus 6 Kadapbs d-qp Kai t6 avio rjp.Lcr<paipiov, Kpbvoi 6 ^o<pd)dris drjp Kai to Karw r;u.io~(paiptov,
cp. Tzetz. Horn. 289 roiivena. N£| KaTej3aive ttotl Kpovov ■qepbevra) ; Egyptians, with water
(Sallustius 7rep£ Oeuiv Kai Kocrp.ov 4 oi Aiyvirrioi.. .avra rd ffibpaTa deovs vop-iaavTes Kai
KaXeaavres' Kai "Icnv p.ev tt\v yrjv,"Oaipiv 8e to iiypbv, Tvcpwva Se ttjv 6epp.0TrjTa, fj Kpovov
ixev iib\wp, "ASuviv Se Kapnovs, Aiovvcfov Se oTvov with J. Conrad Orelli ad loc. Cp. interp.
Serv. in V'erg. georg. 1. 12 quod Saturnus humoris totius et frigoris deus sit); 'dwellers
in the west,' with winter (Theopomposfrag. 293 {Frag. hist. Gr. i. 328 Midler) ap. Plout.
de Is. et Os. 69 tovs Se 7rpds eairepav oinovvras icrTopei QeorropTros rjyeiadai Kai KaXeiv tov p.ev
Xeip-wva Kpovov, to Se Oepos 'AcppoS'iT-qv, to Se lap Ylepae<pbv7)V Ik Se Kpovov Kai 'A<ppo5iTr]s
yevvaadai irdvTa, cp. Prokl. in Plat, retnp. ii. 61, 22 Kroll 5ib Kai <paai twv topwv tt\v p.ev
Xeip-epivijv elvai Kpoviav, k.t.X.) : neo-Platonists associated him with the pole (Prokl. in
Plat. remp. ii. 213, 4 f. Kroll rod p.ev Kpovov tov wbXov elvai (pam crvpif3oXov k.t.X., cp.
Cougny Anth. Pal. Append. 6. 115. 5 an oracle ap. Porph. 7repi tt)s Ik Xoyiojv (piXocro<pias
ap. Euseb. praep. ev. 6. 1. 4 v\pnrbXot.o Kpbvoio, Nonn. Dion. 41. 350 v\pLirbXoio (A. Lud-
wich cj. v\pLirbpoLo) Kpovov). And nascent etymology connected his name with the words
poos or Kpovvbs (Plat. Crat. 402 b regards both 'Pea and KpoVos as pevp.aTwv dvbpaTa,
Philodem. 7repi evo~e/3eias 12 = H. Diels Doxographi Graeci Berolini 1879 p. 546 b 21 ff.
Kai Kpovov [piev to\v tov pev[/ji]aTos p[bo]v, '~Peav Se tt\v yr\v, Aia Se tov aidepa (supra i. 29
n. 4), cp. et. mag. p. 540, 9 ff. ~Kpvo-Liriros Se (p-qcrtv oti Kadvypwv ovtcov tQiv b'Xwv Kai Spfipwv
KaTacpepop-evuv woXXtbv tt)v 'iKKpioiv tovtuv Kpovov <hvop.do~6ai, Porphyrios in schol. B. D.
II. 15. 21 /cat Hdi'o5os Ovpavbv p.ev Xeyei ttjv iKirtipwffiv, Kpbvov Se tov dvwdev KpovvqSbv
eiri<frepb/j.evov o/xj3pov, 'Pea^ 5e tt)v eirippeop-ev-qv vSaai yr)v, k.t.X.).

More weight attaches to the Pythagorean description of the sea as 'Kronos' tear'
(Plout. de Is. et Os. 32 rd i!>7r6 tQiv HvdayopiK&v Xeyb/xevov cos 17 BdXaTTa Kpovov SaKpvbv
iaTiv, Clem. Al. strom. 5. 8 p. 360, 20 f. Stahlin ToiavTa Kai oi Tlvdaybpeioi yviacrovTO...