DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.14696#0632
558 The deity of the double axe
if not also as a lightning-god (fig. 436)1, lingered on into classical
times.
Kpovov.. .daKpvov tt\v ddXaaaav dXXyjyopovvTes, Porph. v.
Pyth. 41 iXeye 34 riva nal /j.vcttlk<2 rpowqi avfx^oXiKQis, d 5i]
€TTLTr\eov 'ApuxroTeXrjs {frag. 191 Rose) dveypa\pev, olov on
rrjv daXarrav.. .e/cdXet eTvai (V. Rose cj. Kpdvov) daKpvov.
The Ophite sect of the Peratai in one of their sacred books
r iff. 436.
' described an androgynous primeval power, which eK\r)8r]
QdXaaaa. ravrrjv rrjv ovvap.iv r\ dyvwcria iKaXeae Kpovov, k.t.X. (Hippol. ref. haeres. 5. 14
p. 184 Duncker—Schneidewin, where Gruppe Cult. Myth, orient. Rel. i. 515 f. would
alter QdXacro-a into QaXdrd, from 'to beget,' in view of Berosos frag. 1. 4 {Frag,
hist. Gr. Miiller ii. 497) ap. Alex. Polyhist. {Frag. hist. Gr. iii. 210 Muller) ap. Synkell.
chron. 29c (i. 52 Dindorf) apxetv Se tovtwv wavruv yvvacKa fj ovopia 'Op.bpwKa' elvai. 8e
tovto XaX5ai'crTt p.ev QaXdrd, 'FiXX^vlcttI 8e fj.edepfM<]veveo~8ai 8dXao~cra, cp. Damask, v. Isid.
115 ap. Phot. bibl. p. 343 b 21 f. Bekker on QoiviKes Kal Xvpoi tov Kpovov "HA /ecu B77X
Kai QoXddrjv (so H. A. Hamaker for fioXdO-qv, poXaOrjv, /3uXadr]v codd.) iwovo/xd^ovaLv.
XI. XIayer in Roscher Lex. Myth. ii. 1475 cites Stob. eel. 1. 5. 14 p. 77, 16 Wachsmuth
= Cougny Anth. Pal. Append. 3. 147. 10 (Theon Al. seu Hermes) SaKpv /xtv eari Kpovos,
Zei's 5" t) yevtais, X670S 'Ep/x^j | k.t.X. from a poem on the seven planets).
Again, there seems to have been a popular belief that rain was the sweat of Kronos ;
for a charm preserved in a magical papyrus of s. iv a.D. makes the magician identify
himself with Kronos (?) : ' I am he whose sweat is rain falling upon the earth to impregnate
it' (F. G. Kenyon Greek Papyri in the British Museum London 1893 i. 646^ no. 46,
Ijoff. eyw ei/xc 6 dffTpdwriov \ /cat jipovrCov' eyd> elfit, ov eo~riv | 6 idpihs ofifipos iTwreiTrTwv
{leg. eTrnrLTrTiov) eJ7ri ti)v yijv, tea ox^i'TI' k.t.X., A. Dieterich Abraxas Leipzig 1891 p. 25,
M. XIayer in Roscher Lex. Myth. ii. 1474)- Hence Nonnos speaks of ' Kronos dropping
rain' (Nonn. Dion. 6. 178 are Kpovos 6p.(3pov idXXccv, supra i. 398).
The planet Kronos likewise brought rain, hail, wind, and thunderstorms (Epigenes of
Byzantion ap. Sen. nat. quaestt. 7. 4. 2 huic videtur plurimum virium habere ad omnes
sublimium motus Stella Saturni: ' haec cum proxima signa XIarti premit aut [in] lunae
viciniam transit aut in solis incidit radios, natura ventosa et frigida contrahit pluribus locis
aera conglobatque. deinde si radios solis adsumpsit, tpnat fulguratque : si Xiartem quoque
consentientem habet, fulminat,' Serv. z';z Verg.georg. 1. 336 Saturnus deus pluviarum est...
hie autem in Capricorno facit gravissimas pluvias, et praecipue in Italia...ut in Scorpio
grandines: item in alio fulmina : in alio ventos = Myth. Vat. 3. 1. 3 stella Saturno
deputata ortu suo tristitiam semper denuntiat. ilia enim in Capricorno posita pluvias
gravissimas, sed praecipue in Italia, commovet...in Scorpio vero grandines, item in alio
signo fulmina, in alio ventos, in aliis alia nocua apportat).
1 The Paris magical papyrus contains a [xavreia KpoviK-q, in which Kronos is invoked
as a god of thunder and lightning (C. Wessely Griechische Zauberpapyrus von Paris und
London Wien 1888 p. 98 pap. Par. 3102 (ipovTOKepavvoirdTwp, on which A. Dieterich
Abraxas Leipzig 1891 p. 79 n. 9 remarks: 'Man beachte den Rest metrischer Form,
die dieses Xliihlenlied gewiss gehabt hat'). Cp. also a charm in the Anastasy papyrus
(C. Wessely op. cit. p. 106 pap. Lond. 151, i55 = F. G. Kenyon Greek Papyri in the
British Museum London 1893 i. 64 ff. no. 46, 150 f. 670; eip.i 6 do-Tpd-KTwv \ Kal fipovTwv,
supra p. 558 n. o). For the planet Kronos in relation to thunderstorms see the preceding
n. sub fin.
A unique silver Utra of Himera, struck e. 413—408 B.C., has for obverse type a bearded
head of Kronos, bound with a fillet, and for reverse a thunderbolt between two corn-grains
(Imhoof-Blumer Monn. gr. p. 21 pi. B, 4 ( = my fig. 436), M. Mayer in Roscher Lex. Myth.
ii. 1553 fig. 5, G. F. Hill Coins of Ancient Sicily Westminster 1903 p. 128, Head Hist.
num.'1 p. 145). It is probable, though not quite certain, that we should connect the front
of this coin with the back and recognise in the combined design a deity with his attributes.
if not also as a lightning-god (fig. 436)1, lingered on into classical
times.
Kpovov.. .daKpvov tt\v ddXaaaav dXXyjyopovvTes, Porph. v.
Pyth. 41 iXeye 34 riva nal /j.vcttlk<2 rpowqi avfx^oXiKQis, d 5i]
€TTLTr\eov 'ApuxroTeXrjs {frag. 191 Rose) dveypa\pev, olov on
rrjv daXarrav.. .e/cdXet eTvai (V. Rose cj. Kpdvov) daKpvov.
The Ophite sect of the Peratai in one of their sacred books
r iff. 436.
' described an androgynous primeval power, which eK\r)8r]
QdXaaaa. ravrrjv rrjv ovvap.iv r\ dyvwcria iKaXeae Kpovov, k.t.X. (Hippol. ref. haeres. 5. 14
p. 184 Duncker—Schneidewin, where Gruppe Cult. Myth, orient. Rel. i. 515 f. would
alter QdXacro-a into QaXdrd, from 'to beget,' in view of Berosos frag. 1. 4 {Frag,
hist. Gr. Miiller ii. 497) ap. Alex. Polyhist. {Frag. hist. Gr. iii. 210 Muller) ap. Synkell.
chron. 29c (i. 52 Dindorf) apxetv Se tovtwv wavruv yvvacKa fj ovopia 'Op.bpwKa' elvai. 8e
tovto XaX5ai'crTt p.ev QaXdrd, 'FiXX^vlcttI 8e fj.edepfM<]veveo~8ai 8dXao~cra, cp. Damask, v. Isid.
115 ap. Phot. bibl. p. 343 b 21 f. Bekker on QoiviKes Kal Xvpoi tov Kpovov "HA /ecu B77X
Kai QoXddrjv (so H. A. Hamaker for fioXdO-qv, poXaOrjv, /3uXadr]v codd.) iwovo/xd^ovaLv.
XI. XIayer in Roscher Lex. Myth. ii. 1475 cites Stob. eel. 1. 5. 14 p. 77, 16 Wachsmuth
= Cougny Anth. Pal. Append. 3. 147. 10 (Theon Al. seu Hermes) SaKpv /xtv eari Kpovos,
Zei's 5" t) yevtais, X670S 'Ep/x^j | k.t.X. from a poem on the seven planets).
Again, there seems to have been a popular belief that rain was the sweat of Kronos ;
for a charm preserved in a magical papyrus of s. iv a.D. makes the magician identify
himself with Kronos (?) : ' I am he whose sweat is rain falling upon the earth to impregnate
it' (F. G. Kenyon Greek Papyri in the British Museum London 1893 i. 646^ no. 46,
Ijoff. eyw ei/xc 6 dffTpdwriov \ /cat jipovrCov' eyd> elfit, ov eo~riv | 6 idpihs ofifipos iTwreiTrTwv
{leg. eTrnrLTrTiov) eJ7ri ti)v yijv, tea ox^i'TI' k.t.X., A. Dieterich Abraxas Leipzig 1891 p. 25,
M. XIayer in Roscher Lex. Myth. ii. 1474)- Hence Nonnos speaks of ' Kronos dropping
rain' (Nonn. Dion. 6. 178 are Kpovos 6p.(3pov idXXccv, supra i. 398).
The planet Kronos likewise brought rain, hail, wind, and thunderstorms (Epigenes of
Byzantion ap. Sen. nat. quaestt. 7. 4. 2 huic videtur plurimum virium habere ad omnes
sublimium motus Stella Saturni: ' haec cum proxima signa XIarti premit aut [in] lunae
viciniam transit aut in solis incidit radios, natura ventosa et frigida contrahit pluribus locis
aera conglobatque. deinde si radios solis adsumpsit, tpnat fulguratque : si Xiartem quoque
consentientem habet, fulminat,' Serv. z';z Verg.georg. 1. 336 Saturnus deus pluviarum est...
hie autem in Capricorno facit gravissimas pluvias, et praecipue in Italia...ut in Scorpio
grandines: item in alio fulmina : in alio ventos = Myth. Vat. 3. 1. 3 stella Saturno
deputata ortu suo tristitiam semper denuntiat. ilia enim in Capricorno posita pluvias
gravissimas, sed praecipue in Italia, commovet...in Scorpio vero grandines, item in alio
signo fulmina, in alio ventos, in aliis alia nocua apportat).
1 The Paris magical papyrus contains a [xavreia KpoviK-q, in which Kronos is invoked
as a god of thunder and lightning (C. Wessely Griechische Zauberpapyrus von Paris und
London Wien 1888 p. 98 pap. Par. 3102 (ipovTOKepavvoirdTwp, on which A. Dieterich
Abraxas Leipzig 1891 p. 79 n. 9 remarks: 'Man beachte den Rest metrischer Form,
die dieses Xliihlenlied gewiss gehabt hat'). Cp. also a charm in the Anastasy papyrus
(C. Wessely op. cit. p. 106 pap. Lond. 151, i55 = F. G. Kenyon Greek Papyri in the
British Museum London 1893 i. 64 ff. no. 46, 150 f. 670; eip.i 6 do-Tpd-KTwv \ Kal fipovTwv,
supra p. 558 n. o). For the planet Kronos in relation to thunderstorms see the preceding
n. sub fin.
A unique silver Utra of Himera, struck e. 413—408 B.C., has for obverse type a bearded
head of Kronos, bound with a fillet, and for reverse a thunderbolt between two corn-grains
(Imhoof-Blumer Monn. gr. p. 21 pi. B, 4 ( = my fig. 436), M. Mayer in Roscher Lex. Myth.
ii. 1553 fig. 5, G. F. Hill Coins of Ancient Sicily Westminster 1903 p. 128, Head Hist.
num.'1 p. 145). It is probable, though not quite certain, that we should connect the front
of this coin with the back and recognise in the combined design a deity with his attributes.