Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1925)

The double axe and Zeus Labrdyndos 581

Hence it has been inferred that the precinct belonged to the Mylasian
tribe Otorkondeis, who took Zeus Osogda as their patron deity1.
The Greeks in general regarded him as a blend of Zeus with Poseidon.
Pausanias, a propos of the sanctuary of Poseidon Htppios near Man-
tineia, observes:

'There is an ancient legend that a wave of the sea appears in this sanctuary.
The Athenians tell a similar story of the wave on the Acropolis, and the Carians
who dwell in Mylasa tell a like tale of the sanctuary of the god whom in their
own tongue they call Osogoa. Now the sea at Phalerum is just twenty furlongs
distant from Athens ; and similarly at Mylasa the port is eighty furlongs from
the city. But Mantinea is farther than either of them from the sea ; therefore in
ascending so far the sea shows forth most manifestly the will of the god2

A fragment of Theophrastos' treatise On Waters, preserved by

Athenaios3, sayrs:

'Not only do bitter waters change their nature, but salt water as well, and so
do whole rivers, as for example that on Kithairon, beside which is the sanctuary
of Zeus, < and that in Karia, beside which is the sanctuary >4 of Poseidon.
The reason is that many thunderbolts fall in the locality.'

(3) Lebas—Waddington Asie Mineure no. 413 (of s. i b.c.) b, 2 f. 7repi'/3o[X]o[---] |

'Otlopkov8€lo[v---].

(4) A. Fontrier in the Bull. Corr. Hell. 1895 xix. 558 f. no. 1 =Ath. Mitth. 1896 xxi.
119 f. (of s. i b.c.), 16 avaypcfft&Tuaav 3e oi Ta/niai iv tlol iepCoL '0t[Lo]pK0v8[iiov] | k.t.X.

(5) E. Hula—E. Szanto in the Sitzungsber. d. kais. Akad. d. Wiss. in Wien Phil.-hist.
Classe 1895 cxxxii. 2. 13 no. 3 = G. Cousin in the Bull. Corr. Hell. 1898 xxii. 386 no. 34
(laudation of ^LOTrjpixas Ilapairios), 9 f. [e]zc iraauv tlov Ovctllov, lov i] <pvXr) avvTeXet \ [iv
rip iep]ipTod Atds 'OTCopKOvdiiov.

J. Schaefer op. cit. p. 394 f. collects also the following inscriptions, of s. i B.C., relating
to the purchase of sacred lands :

(1) A. Hauvette-Besnault—M. Dubois in the Bull. Corr. Hell. 1881 v. 107 ff.
no. iic, 16 f. avaypa^aTLOcrav Se iv tlol tepuk tov Alos 'OTLopKovdicov tov re t?)s lov?is Kai

t7js ipLpCLLTeLCS | Kai TTjS fjLlLT8<l>LTe01S XPVP-a-TLCFP-°v ■

(2) G. Cousin—C. Diehl in the Bull. Corr. Hell. 1888 xii. 21 ff. no. 8, 7 f. [6 ddva
tov de7vos Kai 6 detva rod dewos Mawcjirai tlci Ad tlcl 'OrLopKOvSi^wv eKTrnxaTLbvrjKav wapa
Qpacreov k.t.X.]

(3) Eid. ib. 1888 xii. 25 ff. no. 9, 14 f. evavriov [xapTvpwv tlov d/aopwv airb tlcv <pv\eri-
kwv yeOj\y~\ Atos 'Ojrwp/coi'SeW avrov Qpacreov k.t.\., 17 f. Kai airb tlov (pv\eTLKw[v y]eu>i>
Aws ! 'OrwpKovdeLxiv [a]vro[v Q~\paaeov k.t.X.

(4) E. Hula—E. Szanto in the Sitzungsber. d. kais. Akad. d. Wiss. in Wien Phil.-hist.
Classe 1895 cxxxii. 2. 16 f. no. 10, 3 [---] A[t]os 'OTupKovSiwv avrov Qpacreov k.t.X.

(5) W. Judeich in the Ath. Mitth. 1890 xv. 2720°. no. 21 B, 2 f. [a]yopao-0ei>Ta tlol

Ad tlol 'OTLOpKOvSeLOV TTapa 'IdffOVOS t[oV AlOVVCTLOV TO. OVTa] I iv TLp 'O/JLfiLaVLp TrediwL iy

KcoLTTojBaXcp k.t.X.

1 G. Cousin—C. Diehl in the Bull. Corr. Hell. 1888 xii. 14, J. Schaefer op. cit.
P- 395 f-

2 Paus. 8. 10. 4 trans. Sir J. G. Frazer.

3 Theophr. frag. 159 Wimmer ap. Athen. 42 a.

4 J. Dalechamps in 1583 restored the missing words in Latin from Plin. nat. hist. 31.
54 et in Caria, ubi Neptuni templum est, amnis, qui fuei'at ante dulcis, mutatus in salem
est. The Greek text KaOa tov iv KLdaLpQvL, 7rap' to Zr/vos, <Kai tov iv Kapia, Trap' <p>
Hoo-€lSlovos iepov io-TLv is due to I. Casaubon (1597). The passage thus cured has been
injured again by a modern translator, C. D. Yonge, who renders iv Kapia, 'in Cairo'!!