DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.14696#0668
594 The double axe and Zeus JLabrdyndos
breast-like protuberances. M. Meurer1 and A. H. Smith2 have
attempted to explain these as some sort of pectoral ornament.
But Wood's relief is really conclusive in favour of admitting them
to be female breasts3. Zeus is flanked by two smaller figures, who
look towards him with gestures of adoration. The inscriptions,
Idrieus and Ada, show that they are the king and queen of Karia,
who were reigning together between 351 and 344 B.C.4 As son and
daughter of Hekatomnos, brother and sister of Maussollos, they
naturally adore their ancestral god Zeus Strdtios of Labranda. We
cannot, however, suppose that this trumpery relief was a votive
offering made by, or on behalf of, Carian royalty. Besides, how
came it to be found at Tegea? In the absence of the lower half of
the stone, which doubtless gave the circumstances of the dedication,
certainty is unattainable. But P. Foucart has put forward a very
plausible hypothesis5. Skopas, who is known to have decorated the
temple of Athena Alia before he worked at the Mausoleum, probably
took with him from Tegea to Halikarnassos some of his best work-
men. One of these, on returning to his native town, consecrated to
the goddess a souvenir of his Carian journey, as like as not executed
by his own hand.
The bizarre type of a Zeus with matronal breasts must not be
taken, with E. Gerhard0, to imply an androgynous deity, nor merely,
with P. Foucart7, to betoken that 'c'est lui qui nourrit les etres
vivants, qui repand l'abondance.' It occurs again at Suwasa in
Kappadokia, where H. Rott8 discovered an arcuated rock-cut niche
1 M. Meurer 'Die mammae der Artemis Ephesia' in the Rom. Mitth. 1914 xxix.
200—219 with figs. 1 —10.
2 A. H. Smith in the Joum. Hell. Stud. 1916 xxxvi. 68.
3 This is recognised by both Foucart and Kuhnert locc. citt.
4 U. Kahrstedt Forschurtgen zur Geschichte des ausgehenden fiinften tend des vierten
Jahrhunderts Berlin 1910 pp. 22, 119, 149 f. and in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. ix. 912
dates their joint reign of seven years (Diod. 16. 69) from the spring of 350 to the end of
344 B.C.
8 P. Foucart in the Mon. Plot 1910 xviii. 147, A. H. Smith in the Joum. Hell. Stud.
1916 xxxvi. 69.
6 Gerhard Gr. Myth. i. 166.
7 P. Foucart loc. cit. p. 172 f., followed by W. Deonna in the Rev. Arch. 1913 h- 336,
Am. Joum. Arch. 1914 xviii. 502.
8 H. Rott Kleinasiatische Denkmaler aus Pisidien, Pamphylien, Kappadokien und
Lykien Leipzig 1908 p. 253 f. fig. 92 ( = my fig. 498) : ' Dass das Christentum hier bereits
eine alte Kultstatte vorfand, ist ersichtlich aus einer Gotterfigur, die wir an der senkrechten
Felswand hinter dem Dorf ausgehauen fanden. In einer rundbogigen Nische sitzt eine
Gottheit, die den linken Arm erhoben hatte. Der Oberkorper ist unbekleidet und zeigt
Reste von Briisten, ein faltiges Gewand fallt fiber Schoss und Kniee hinab. Vier Stufen
fiihrten zur Statue hinauf, der Raum davor ist geebnet und die Felswande rings geglattet...
Ich halte die Figur fiir den Zeus Stratios, dessen Kult in Kappadokien allenthalben
verbreitet war.' On Zeus Strdtios in Kappadokia etc. see in primis F. Cumbnt ' Le
breast-like protuberances. M. Meurer1 and A. H. Smith2 have
attempted to explain these as some sort of pectoral ornament.
But Wood's relief is really conclusive in favour of admitting them
to be female breasts3. Zeus is flanked by two smaller figures, who
look towards him with gestures of adoration. The inscriptions,
Idrieus and Ada, show that they are the king and queen of Karia,
who were reigning together between 351 and 344 B.C.4 As son and
daughter of Hekatomnos, brother and sister of Maussollos, they
naturally adore their ancestral god Zeus Strdtios of Labranda. We
cannot, however, suppose that this trumpery relief was a votive
offering made by, or on behalf of, Carian royalty. Besides, how
came it to be found at Tegea? In the absence of the lower half of
the stone, which doubtless gave the circumstances of the dedication,
certainty is unattainable. But P. Foucart has put forward a very
plausible hypothesis5. Skopas, who is known to have decorated the
temple of Athena Alia before he worked at the Mausoleum, probably
took with him from Tegea to Halikarnassos some of his best work-
men. One of these, on returning to his native town, consecrated to
the goddess a souvenir of his Carian journey, as like as not executed
by his own hand.
The bizarre type of a Zeus with matronal breasts must not be
taken, with E. Gerhard0, to imply an androgynous deity, nor merely,
with P. Foucart7, to betoken that 'c'est lui qui nourrit les etres
vivants, qui repand l'abondance.' It occurs again at Suwasa in
Kappadokia, where H. Rott8 discovered an arcuated rock-cut niche
1 M. Meurer 'Die mammae der Artemis Ephesia' in the Rom. Mitth. 1914 xxix.
200—219 with figs. 1 —10.
2 A. H. Smith in the Joum. Hell. Stud. 1916 xxxvi. 68.
3 This is recognised by both Foucart and Kuhnert locc. citt.
4 U. Kahrstedt Forschurtgen zur Geschichte des ausgehenden fiinften tend des vierten
Jahrhunderts Berlin 1910 pp. 22, 119, 149 f. and in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. ix. 912
dates their joint reign of seven years (Diod. 16. 69) from the spring of 350 to the end of
344 B.C.
8 P. Foucart in the Mon. Plot 1910 xviii. 147, A. H. Smith in the Joum. Hell. Stud.
1916 xxxvi. 69.
6 Gerhard Gr. Myth. i. 166.
7 P. Foucart loc. cit. p. 172 f., followed by W. Deonna in the Rev. Arch. 1913 h- 336,
Am. Joum. Arch. 1914 xviii. 502.
8 H. Rott Kleinasiatische Denkmaler aus Pisidien, Pamphylien, Kappadokien und
Lykien Leipzig 1908 p. 253 f. fig. 92 ( = my fig. 498) : ' Dass das Christentum hier bereits
eine alte Kultstatte vorfand, ist ersichtlich aus einer Gotterfigur, die wir an der senkrechten
Felswand hinter dem Dorf ausgehauen fanden. In einer rundbogigen Nische sitzt eine
Gottheit, die den linken Arm erhoben hatte. Der Oberkorper ist unbekleidet und zeigt
Reste von Briisten, ein faltiges Gewand fallt fiber Schoss und Kniee hinab. Vier Stufen
fiihrten zur Statue hinauf, der Raum davor ist geebnet und die Felswande rings geglattet...
Ich halte die Figur fiir den Zeus Stratios, dessen Kult in Kappadokien allenthalben
verbreitet war.' On Zeus Strdtios in Kappadokia etc. see in primis F. Cumbnt ' Le