DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.14696#0681
606 The double axe and the labarum
other countries we notice the gilded glasses from the catacombs of
Rome1. Here St Peter and St Paul appear as supporters on either
side of the monogram (figs. 506—509), which is sometimes set on
the top of a pillar (figs. 508, 509)2. The two saints in this grouping
are suggestive of 'Dioscuric' influence3.
The standard bearing the symbol ^ is called labarus by Hege-
monius4 (first half of s. iv), labarum by Ambrose5 (388 A.D.), Pruden-
tiuse (402 A.D.), and later writers7—the word being Grecised8 as
Idbaron9, ldboronv\ Idbouron11, laboron1'2. Its derivation has been much
1 H. Vopel Die altchristliche Goldgldser Freiburg 1899, O. M. Dalton 'The gilded
glasses of the Catacombs' in Tlie Archaeological [oumal 1901 lviii. 227—253, id. British
Museum : A Guide to the early Christian and Byzantine Antiquities s.l. 1903 pp. 59—63,
id. Byzantine Art and Archaeology Oxford 1911 p. 613 f., Forrer Reallex. p. 295 pi. 72,
A. Kisa Das Glas im Altertume Leipzig 1908 iii. 834—900, C. M. Kaufmann Handbitch
der christlichen Archdologie Paderborn 1913 pp. 619—624.
- R. Garrucci Storia delta arte cristiana nei primi otto secoli delta chiesa Prato 1881
iii. 14(0 f., 151 pi. 180, 1 (=my fig. 507), 2 (=my fig. 508), 3 (=my fig. 509), 9 ( = my
fig- 506).
:1 Textile fabrics of s. vi—vii (?) at Crefeld (O. M. Dalton Byzantine Art and Archaeo-
logy Oxford 1911 p. 598 fig. 377) and from the shrine of St Servatius at Maestricht
(F. Fischbach Ornament of textile fabrics London 1883 p. 3 pi. 3, A, G. Migeon Les arts
dit tissu Paris 1909 p. 20 fig.) represent the Dioskouroi standing side by side on the top
of a short fluted column or altar with a bucraniuifi at its base, while from right and left
winged figures pour libations and attendants bring oxen to sacrifice.
4 Hegemonius acta Archelai 41. 9 f. p. 61, 8 ff. (ed. C. H. Beeson Leipzig 1906) non
plane, non ita obscure et ignobiliter adveniet ille qui perfectus est, id est Iesus Christus
dominus noster. sed sicut rex adveniens ad urbem suam praemittit primo protectores
suos, signa, dracones, labaros, duces, principes, praefectos, et universa continuo commo-
ventur, aliis vero metuentibus, aliis vero gaudentibus pro expectatione regis, ita et dominus
meus Iesus, qui etc. So Fulgentius of Ruspe semi. 60 de S. Laurentio (lxv. 930 C Migne)
super labaros fulget terreni regis triumphus martyris confessoris; etc. Ducange Gloss,
vied, et inf. Lat. s.v. 'labarum' cites also ' Glossae MSS.: Labarus, lata lancea vel
vexillum.'
5 Ambros. epist. 40. 9 (xvi. 1105 A Migne) quid si alii timidiores, dum mortem reformi-
dant, offerant ut de suis facultatibus reparetur synagoga; aut comes ubi hoc compererit
primo constitutum, ipse de christianorum censu exaedificari iubeat ? habebis, imperator,
comitem praevaricatorem, et huic vexilla committes victricia, huic labarum, hoc est,
Christi sacratum nomine, qui synagogam instauret, quae Christum nesciat ? iube labarum
synagogae inferri, videamus si non resistunt (Ambrose to Theodosios a propos of a certain
synagogue in the east burnt at the instigation of a bishop, who has been bidden by the
emperor to rebuild it).
6 Prudent, c. Symm. 1. 486 ff. Christus purpureum gemmanti textus in auro | signabat
labarum, clypeorum insignia Christus | scripserat, ardebat summis crux addita cristis.
7 De Vit Lat. Lex. s.v. ' labarum,' Ducange Gloss, med. et inf. Lat. s.v. ' labarum.'
8 E. A. Sophocles Greek Lexicon of the Roman and Byzantine Periods Boston 1870
p. 702.
9 Germanus, bishop of Constantinople and patriarch, epist. dogmal. 1 (xcviii. 149 A—B
Migne) r/ye'tadai irpoaTa^as (sc. 6 Geos) ev tji Trape/j.(3o\y rfjs ^Kpiarov (3aai\eias to evSo^ov ,
ovtus teal iTricrrifiov \df3apov, tov faowoibv Xeyw aravpbv, to p.iya Kara tov OavaTov tt}s
avTov pLeydXeLOTTjTos TpbwaioV k.t.\.
For notes 10, 11, and 12 see p. 607.
other countries we notice the gilded glasses from the catacombs of
Rome1. Here St Peter and St Paul appear as supporters on either
side of the monogram (figs. 506—509), which is sometimes set on
the top of a pillar (figs. 508, 509)2. The two saints in this grouping
are suggestive of 'Dioscuric' influence3.
The standard bearing the symbol ^ is called labarus by Hege-
monius4 (first half of s. iv), labarum by Ambrose5 (388 A.D.), Pruden-
tiuse (402 A.D.), and later writers7—the word being Grecised8 as
Idbaron9, ldboronv\ Idbouron11, laboron1'2. Its derivation has been much
1 H. Vopel Die altchristliche Goldgldser Freiburg 1899, O. M. Dalton 'The gilded
glasses of the Catacombs' in Tlie Archaeological [oumal 1901 lviii. 227—253, id. British
Museum : A Guide to the early Christian and Byzantine Antiquities s.l. 1903 pp. 59—63,
id. Byzantine Art and Archaeology Oxford 1911 p. 613 f., Forrer Reallex. p. 295 pi. 72,
A. Kisa Das Glas im Altertume Leipzig 1908 iii. 834—900, C. M. Kaufmann Handbitch
der christlichen Archdologie Paderborn 1913 pp. 619—624.
- R. Garrucci Storia delta arte cristiana nei primi otto secoli delta chiesa Prato 1881
iii. 14(0 f., 151 pi. 180, 1 (=my fig. 507), 2 (=my fig. 508), 3 (=my fig. 509), 9 ( = my
fig- 506).
:1 Textile fabrics of s. vi—vii (?) at Crefeld (O. M. Dalton Byzantine Art and Archaeo-
logy Oxford 1911 p. 598 fig. 377) and from the shrine of St Servatius at Maestricht
(F. Fischbach Ornament of textile fabrics London 1883 p. 3 pi. 3, A, G. Migeon Les arts
dit tissu Paris 1909 p. 20 fig.) represent the Dioskouroi standing side by side on the top
of a short fluted column or altar with a bucraniuifi at its base, while from right and left
winged figures pour libations and attendants bring oxen to sacrifice.
4 Hegemonius acta Archelai 41. 9 f. p. 61, 8 ff. (ed. C. H. Beeson Leipzig 1906) non
plane, non ita obscure et ignobiliter adveniet ille qui perfectus est, id est Iesus Christus
dominus noster. sed sicut rex adveniens ad urbem suam praemittit primo protectores
suos, signa, dracones, labaros, duces, principes, praefectos, et universa continuo commo-
ventur, aliis vero metuentibus, aliis vero gaudentibus pro expectatione regis, ita et dominus
meus Iesus, qui etc. So Fulgentius of Ruspe semi. 60 de S. Laurentio (lxv. 930 C Migne)
super labaros fulget terreni regis triumphus martyris confessoris; etc. Ducange Gloss,
vied, et inf. Lat. s.v. 'labarum' cites also ' Glossae MSS.: Labarus, lata lancea vel
vexillum.'
5 Ambros. epist. 40. 9 (xvi. 1105 A Migne) quid si alii timidiores, dum mortem reformi-
dant, offerant ut de suis facultatibus reparetur synagoga; aut comes ubi hoc compererit
primo constitutum, ipse de christianorum censu exaedificari iubeat ? habebis, imperator,
comitem praevaricatorem, et huic vexilla committes victricia, huic labarum, hoc est,
Christi sacratum nomine, qui synagogam instauret, quae Christum nesciat ? iube labarum
synagogae inferri, videamus si non resistunt (Ambrose to Theodosios a propos of a certain
synagogue in the east burnt at the instigation of a bishop, who has been bidden by the
emperor to rebuild it).
6 Prudent, c. Symm. 1. 486 ff. Christus purpureum gemmanti textus in auro | signabat
labarum, clypeorum insignia Christus | scripserat, ardebat summis crux addita cristis.
7 De Vit Lat. Lex. s.v. ' labarum,' Ducange Gloss, med. et inf. Lat. s.v. ' labarum.'
8 E. A. Sophocles Greek Lexicon of the Roman and Byzantine Periods Boston 1870
p. 702.
9 Germanus, bishop of Constantinople and patriarch, epist. dogmal. 1 (xcviii. 149 A—B
Migne) r/ye'tadai irpoaTa^as (sc. 6 Geos) ev tji Trape/j.(3o\y rfjs ^Kpiarov (3aai\eias to evSo^ov ,
ovtus teal iTricrrifiov \df3apov, tov faowoibv Xeyw aravpbv, to p.iya Kara tov OavaTov tt}s
avTov pLeydXeLOTTjTos TpbwaioV k.t.\.
For notes 10, 11, and 12 see p. 607.