DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.14696#0750
The double axes of Tenedos 675
combines the profile of a goddess with that of a lion (fig. 613)1. If so,
we may surmise that at Gaza, as in Tenedos, the Janiform head
points backwards to the 'Minoan' cult of Kronos and Rhea. Rhea
as the local Tyche kept her place from first to last. Kronos was suc-
ceeded by Zeus Kretagenes2, otherwise known as Marnas3, and
apparently as Zeus Aldemios or A/dos4, while Zeus in turn was
partially eclipsed by the popular figure of Bes.
These Levantine examples of the male-////i--female head should
be compared, as J. P. Six5 points out, with Berossos' description of
the primeval androgynous being represented in the temple of Zeus
Belos at Babylon6.
A parallel to the survival of the 'Minoan' double axe in Tenedos
might also be sought in Korkyra. Shortly before the battle of Aktion
(31 B.C.) C. Proculeius, the partisan and friend of Octavian, struck
copper coins in Korkyra with a head of Zeus on one side and a
double axe on the other (figs. 614, 615)7. The head is accompanied
1 Babelon Monn.gr. rom. ii. 2. 659 f. pi. 124, 10 ( = my fig. 613) described as ' Tete
imberbe d'Heracles a droite, coiffee de la peau de lion.' But the head, which has an ear-
ring, is obviously derived from that of Athena on Attic tetradrachms etc.
2 Supra i. 149 n. 1, 478 with n. 4, infra § 9 (g).
3 Supra i. 149 n. 1, 167 n. 3, 478, infra §9 (g).
4 Methodios ap. et. mag. p. 58, 20 ff. 'AASt^uos rj "AXdos, 6 Zeus, <Ss iv Tdfy ttjs Lvpias
TLfJ.d.Tai- irapa to dXSatVco, to av^avw 6 eirl rrjs aircrews twv KapirQu. Me#65tos. Cod. Vb.
omits 5s (as does cod. D.) and reads ovtoos Medodios. S. Bochart Phaleg3 Lugduni Bata-
vorum—Trajecti ad Rhenum 1692 p. 748, F. C. Movers Die Phonizier Berlin 1841 i. 262,
and E. Renan Mission en Phhiicie Paris 1864 p. 515 f. propound Semitic derivations of the
appellative. K. B. Stark Gaza u?id die philistdische Kiiste Jena 1852 p. 578 is content to
derive it from dXSatVw. Gruppe Gr. Myth. Pel. p. 248 n. 4 says : ' noch nicht gedeutet.'
W. W. Baudissin Adonis undEsmun Leipzig 1911 p. 489 n. 3 falls back on 'ein Ortsname.'
G. F. Hill in the Joum. Hell. Stud. 1915 xxxv. 150 risks no conjecture.
5 J. P. Six in the Num. Chron. New Series 1877 xvii. 230 n. 140.
fi Berossos Babyloniaca sive Chaldaica frag. 1. 4 {F?-ag. hist. Gr. ii. 497 Muller) ap.
Synkell. chron. 29 b (i. 52 Dindorf) yevecrdai (prjcrl xpovov ev y to irav ctkotos /cat i)5wp elvo.1
koX iv tovtols fao. Tepa.Tibb*t) Kai eidLtpvets (J. D. G. Richter cj. Idicxpve'is A. Mai cj. avro-
(pveis J. J. Scaliger cj. St^veis) rots /Sects £x0VTa faoyoveiadai. avdpunrovs yap Siirrepowi
yevvridrivai, iv'iovs 8e /cat rerpairTepovs /cat diirpoaujirovs' /cat aw/xa ixev txovras 'iv, Ke<pa\as
8e dvo, avSpeiav re /cat yvvaiKeiav, /cat atootd re biacrd, appev /cat Orfhv. k.t.X. On Zeus Belos
see supra i. 756 f.
7 Fig. 614 is from Babelon Monn. re"p. rom. ii. 388 fig.; fig. 615, from the cast
of a specimen in the British Museum (Brit. Mus. Cat. Rom. Coins Rep. ii. 534 no. 235
pi. 116, 21).
Fig. 614.
Fig. 615.
43 — 2
combines the profile of a goddess with that of a lion (fig. 613)1. If so,
we may surmise that at Gaza, as in Tenedos, the Janiform head
points backwards to the 'Minoan' cult of Kronos and Rhea. Rhea
as the local Tyche kept her place from first to last. Kronos was suc-
ceeded by Zeus Kretagenes2, otherwise known as Marnas3, and
apparently as Zeus Aldemios or A/dos4, while Zeus in turn was
partially eclipsed by the popular figure of Bes.
These Levantine examples of the male-////i--female head should
be compared, as J. P. Six5 points out, with Berossos' description of
the primeval androgynous being represented in the temple of Zeus
Belos at Babylon6.
A parallel to the survival of the 'Minoan' double axe in Tenedos
might also be sought in Korkyra. Shortly before the battle of Aktion
(31 B.C.) C. Proculeius, the partisan and friend of Octavian, struck
copper coins in Korkyra with a head of Zeus on one side and a
double axe on the other (figs. 614, 615)7. The head is accompanied
1 Babelon Monn.gr. rom. ii. 2. 659 f. pi. 124, 10 ( = my fig. 613) described as ' Tete
imberbe d'Heracles a droite, coiffee de la peau de lion.' But the head, which has an ear-
ring, is obviously derived from that of Athena on Attic tetradrachms etc.
2 Supra i. 149 n. 1, 478 with n. 4, infra § 9 (g).
3 Supra i. 149 n. 1, 167 n. 3, 478, infra §9 (g).
4 Methodios ap. et. mag. p. 58, 20 ff. 'AASt^uos rj "AXdos, 6 Zeus, <Ss iv Tdfy ttjs Lvpias
TLfJ.d.Tai- irapa to dXSatVco, to av^avw 6 eirl rrjs aircrews twv KapirQu. Me#65tos. Cod. Vb.
omits 5s (as does cod. D.) and reads ovtoos Medodios. S. Bochart Phaleg3 Lugduni Bata-
vorum—Trajecti ad Rhenum 1692 p. 748, F. C. Movers Die Phonizier Berlin 1841 i. 262,
and E. Renan Mission en Phhiicie Paris 1864 p. 515 f. propound Semitic derivations of the
appellative. K. B. Stark Gaza u?id die philistdische Kiiste Jena 1852 p. 578 is content to
derive it from dXSatVw. Gruppe Gr. Myth. Pel. p. 248 n. 4 says : ' noch nicht gedeutet.'
W. W. Baudissin Adonis undEsmun Leipzig 1911 p. 489 n. 3 falls back on 'ein Ortsname.'
G. F. Hill in the Joum. Hell. Stud. 1915 xxxv. 150 risks no conjecture.
5 J. P. Six in the Num. Chron. New Series 1877 xvii. 230 n. 140.
fi Berossos Babyloniaca sive Chaldaica frag. 1. 4 {F?-ag. hist. Gr. ii. 497 Muller) ap.
Synkell. chron. 29 b (i. 52 Dindorf) yevecrdai (prjcrl xpovov ev y to irav ctkotos /cat i)5wp elvo.1
koX iv tovtols fao. Tepa.Tibb*t) Kai eidLtpvets (J. D. G. Richter cj. Idicxpve'is A. Mai cj. avro-
(pveis J. J. Scaliger cj. St^veis) rots /Sects £x0VTa faoyoveiadai. avdpunrovs yap Siirrepowi
yevvridrivai, iv'iovs 8e /cat rerpairTepovs /cat diirpoaujirovs' /cat aw/xa ixev txovras 'iv, Ke<pa\as
8e dvo, avSpeiav re /cat yvvaiKeiav, /cat atootd re biacrd, appev /cat Orfhv. k.t.X. On Zeus Belos
see supra i. 756 f.
7 Fig. 614 is from Babelon Monn. re"p. rom. ii. 388 fig.; fig. 615, from the cast
of a specimen in the British Museum (Brit. Mus. Cat. Rom. Coins Rep. ii. 534 no. 235
pi. 116, 21).
Fig. 614.
Fig. 615.
43 — 2