Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1925)

714 The sword of Zeus

tolerably certain that the old sky-god with his double axe {labrys)
has been modernised into a war-god with a handier blade1.

At Stratonikeia, not twenty miles away from Mylasa, Zeus was
CJirysaoreus- or Chrysadriosz. The town, indeed the whole district,
had in early days been called Chrysaoris^. Its inhabitants, the
C/irysaoreis5, were members of a league specially devoted to the cult
of Zeus Chrysaoreus^. There was also a Carian hero Chrysaor,

1 Sicpra p. 590 f. Similarly the Babylonian Zeus bore a dagger as well as a double
axe for warlike purposes' (Baruch 6. 15 ixel ^ eyxeipiSiov deijiqi Kai ireXeKW, eavrbv 5e e/c
TToXe/xov Kai Xrjarwv ovk e^tXelrai): W. H. Roscher Die Gorgonen und Verwandtes Leipzig
1879 p. 78 n. 158.

2 Strab. 660 Zctti. 5' ev rrj x^Pa T&v ^TpaToviKewv 5vo iepd, ev p.ev Aay'ivois to tt)s
Tjk6.t7]s (i-rrKpavearaTov} wavr/yvpeis p.eydXas uvvdyov /car' eviavTOv eyyvs Se tjjs 7r6Xecos to
tov Xpvjaopews Aids koivov airavruiv Ixap&v, els 3 avviaai dvaovris re Kai ^ovXevcrdp-evoi
irepi tuv koiv&v k.t.X. A base found at Delphoi records a decree of the Delphic Am-
phiktiones, between 205 and 202 B.C., in honour of Antiochos iii and of Antiocheia in
Chrysaoris 6V1 to koivov tCov WfxcpiKTidviov ra/m ptev iroXiv told 'Avtio\x^Wv kal t®-v x^Pav
dvadeiKvvei davXov Kai iepdv tov Aids Xpi'craope'|ws Kai' AwbXXwvos 'IcroTifiov, k.t.X. (L. Couve
in the Bull. Corr. Hell. 1894 xviii. 235 ff. no. ii, 23 ff., J. Baunack in Collitz—Bechtel

Fig. 654.

Gr. Dial.-Inschr. ii. 708 ff. no. 2529, 23 ff., Michel Recueil d'fnscr. gr. no. 252, 23 ff.,
Dittenberger Orient. Gr. inscr. sel. no. 234, 23 ff.). Silver coins of Stratonikeia from
81 B.C. onwards have obv. head of Zeus with bay-wreath; rev. Hekate, with kalathos
surmounted by crescent, holding phidle and torch (A. v. Sallet in the Zeitschr. f. Num.
1888 xvi. 5 pi. 1, 2 (= my fig. 654) a unique tridrachmon at Berlin, Imhoof-Blumer
Kleinas. Miinzen i. 155, Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Caria, etc. p. 150 pi. 23, 17, Head Hist.
num.'1 p. 624 f.): the two deities here represented are presumably those named in Strab.
660 {supra).

3 Corp. inscr. Gr. ii no. 2720 (Stratonikeia) a decree of the people and senate
honouring Hierokles, son of Panaitios son of Thrason, 3 ff. [apx<-epia~] twv "ZefiaffTwv,
(i)epea tov IIa|[va/xdpov Aids Kai] Trjs 'Ekixt^s t(t})s (8)ai8o<popov | [pieTa Trjs yvvaiK^ds avTov
'A0ta(s) Trjs Tepo/cAe \_ovs, iepe]a Aids 'Kpvcraopiov, iepea Aij[6s 'Pe/j.^r]vd5ov (?), i]epea Aids
~Sa(k)paaov (?), iepia At[[6s "Zepdwibos (?)] and his two sons Thrason 13 f. [dp%iepe'a tw]v

1,e(3aaTU)v,--|--[iepia Atos] tov Havap-dpov and Leon 15 f. apxiepia tuiv Zej3acr\[TQv,

--] - iepea Aids "Kpvaaopiov, j k.t.X., no. 2721 (Stratonikeia), 11 ff. i j epaTevaav Be irdXiv

oi vioi avTov Qp(d)\o-u)v p,ev tov Aids tov Xpvo~aop(i)ov, | Aeiov 8e tov Aids tov Hava/xdpov.

4 Paus. 5. 21. 10, Steph. Byz. s.vv. 'ISpicts, Xpvaaopis.

5 Steph. Byz. s.v. Xpvaaopis, Corp. inscr. Gr. i no. 1590, 19, no. 1591, 44 and 56, ii
no. 2693 a, 19, Dittenberger Orient. Gr. inscr. sel. no. 111, 8, no. 234, 12, no. 441, 22, alio.

6 On this league, which was called to Xpvaaopeiov (or XpvaaopiKov) o-v<jTr^ia, see
L. Burchner in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. iii. 2485, Dittenberger Orient. Gr. inscr. sel.
no. in n. 4.