Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,2): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Appendixes and index (Cambridge, 1925)

Zeus Meilichios

"37

and ' queen; will take their places on the dtphroi set for them between the
deities enthroned on either hand1. With Zeus and Hera on the one side,
Athena and Hephaistos on the other2, they will appear with all the credentials
of divinity.

But it is time to pass from the local myth of Periphas to the local custom of
the Diasia3.

probably to be sought in the fact that on certain ritual occasions men were expected to
don women's raiment—a custom on which I have said my say elsewhere {Class. Rev.
1906 xx. 376 f.). Miss Harrison has suggested to me (July 30, 1917) an explanation,
which—if sound—would not only meet the objection here noted but also add much to
the significance of the whole procedure. The ' king,' on my showing, is about to assume
the ptiplos of Athena. Yes, but the peplos may be simply the ' Weltenmantel,' which
Athena had taken over from the early Attic kings. Such a garment could be appropriately
worn by the ' king,' who thus came by his own again. R. Eisler Weltenmantel und
Himmelszelt Mtinchen 1910 i. 58 ft., 77 ff., ii. 326 seems (though he is not very clear
about it) to regard Athena's pe'plos as a cosmic robe. I fail to see that he has proved the
point. When he states that the ' Praxiergidenpriesterinnen' a/x(piei>vovaii> iv eoprais tov
ireirXov Ait Mot/ja-y^rei 'AttoWuvi (op. cit. i. 59), he is indulging in an ungrammatical
(Hpai^Lepyidai should be masculine, and a/j.<pLevvovai.v is not Greek at all) and highly
improbable ('Aii.. .appellativisch (wie divus)') restoration of the mutilated text Corp. inscr.
Att. i no. 93, 11 f. = J. V. Prott and L. Ziehen Leges Graecorum sacrae ii no. 14, 11 f.
cited supra p. 231 n. 8.

1, Similarly Philip of Macedon, immediately before his assassination at Aigai in
336 b.c., eiowAa tcuc diodeKa (JeQv iir6p.ireve.. .ffvv be tovtols avTov tov <Pl\lttttov Tpio~K<xi-
5eKarov eirbnireve deoirpeires etboikov, avvQpovov eavTOV airoSeiKVuvros tov /3ct(nAe«s tols biobeKa
deoh (Diod. 16. 92).

2 It seems likely that Pheidias had already employed the same principles of com-
position for the trophy erected at Delphoi as a tithe from the spoils of ' Marathon.' The
account given by Pans. to. 10. 1 — 2 has led to much discussion, which is conveniently
summarised by H. Hitzig—H. Blunmer ad loc. Personally, I hold that the grouping of
this remarkable monument was as follows:

[Three Five Athena Miltiades Apollon Five [Three

national £-kwvvis.oi as goddess as god eircbw/xoL later

worthies] of Athens of Delphoi iirtbvv)xoi\

Three out of the ten eiriovv/xoi. viz. Oineus, Hippothoon, and Aias, are not mentioned in
the text of Pausanias (probably a clerical error, cp. E. Curtius in the Nachr. d. kon.
Gesellsch. d. Wiss. Gottingen Phil.-hist. Classe 1861 p. ^,6gff,~id. Gesa/nmelte Abhami-
lungen Berlin 1894 ii. 365 f.). Later, when the ten tribes were increased to thirteen, the
Athenians added at one end of the row three figures of the new enwuvfj.01, Antigonos,
Demetrios Poiiorketes, Ptolemy ii Philadelphos, and balanced them at the other end by
three more figures of national worthies, Kodros, Theseus, Phyleus. It will be observed
that, on this showing, the arrangement of the Delphic trophy definitely anticipated that
of the eastern frieze of the Parthenon (I accept the view of A. S. Arvanitopullos ' Phylen-
Heroen am Parthenonfries' in the Ath. Mitth. 1906 xxxi. 38 ff. pi. 4 f. that the ten
standing men of the eastern frieze are the eponymous heroes of the Attic tribes):

Head of
Panathenaic
procession

Five
vvu.01

Six King and Queen Six

Five

Head of
Panathenaic
procession

seated of Athens seated

Deities with their attendants Deities vvp.01

In both cases alike Pheidias' design portrays a virtual apotheosis—humanity raised to the
rank of surrounding deities.

3 The best collection of sources will be found in O. Band Die Attischen Diasien
Berlin 1883 pp. 3—10. The remainder of this excellent monograph surfers from undue
compression and is admittedly incomplete.

C. II. 72