Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,2): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Appendixes and index (Cambridge, 1925)

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Appendix N

are called in another inscription the Traianeia Deiphileia1. From the double
nomenclature and from the absence of earlier foundations beneath the temple
M. Frankel justly infers that the cult of Trajan was superposed on a previously
existing cult of Zeus Philios (Latinised as Iupiter Amicalis\ who formerly had

no temple but only an open-air altar2—presumably that detected by J. Schram-
men on the highest point of the hill3. When it was decided to institute the cult
of Trajan, who himself had some pretensions to the name of Zeus4, the best

is borne out by Dion Cass. 51". 20 ko.1 i\a/3ov xal oi Hepyap.rjvoi tov ayuva tov iepbv
ihvotJ.aap.evov iid rrj tov vaov avrov (sc. Avyovarov) Tifirj iroieiv.

1 E. L. Hicks The Collection of Ancient Greek Inscriptions in the British Museum
iii. 2. 233 f. Oxford 1890 no. 605, 9 Tpa.La.veia AeupiXeia ev Tlepydp-Lp dvSpcov vvyp.(-r]v),
where Hicks wrongly supposes that the games 'may have been endowed by one At0/Xos
(sic).'' Aei<pi\eia, as M. Frankel loc. cit. saw, are the games of Zevs <£iXios.

2 M. Frankel Die Inschriften von Pergamon ( — Pergamon viii. 2) Berlin 1895 ii. 206.

3 Supra i. 120 f. fig. 89.

4 A fragmentary inscription from Hermione speaks of Trajan as Zeus Embaterios

(Corp. inscr. Gr. i no. 1213= Inscr. Gr. Pclop. i no. 701-------| [K]aiaapa debv

#eo[0] 'Zepa.o-Tbv Tep^avLKov \ Aclkikov, Aia"Eipi.fia.Tripiov, \ r\ tto\is). L. Dindorf in Stephanus
Thes. Gr. Ling. iii. 810 A cp. Apollon 'Efj.j3a.aios (O. Jessen in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc.
v. 2485) and 'ErnfiaTripios (id. ib.y'x. 28). We can contrast Apollon 'EK/3d<rios (id. ib. v.
2155), Artemis 'EKfSarTjpia (id. ib. v. 2158). Such epithets denote a deity invoked by the
voyager before he embarks or after he disembarks, as the case may be. The deity in
question might chance to be of mortal stock : on the quay at Alexandreia was to \eybp-evov
2e/3dcrriov, 'ETrifiaTrjpiov Kaiaapos veios (Philon leg. ad Gai. 22 : see further O. Puchstein
in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. i. 1385, O. Jessen ib. vi. 28). Hesych. 'E7ri/3?}/xios- Zeus ev
1.L<pv(p has been wrongly added to this group of travel-titles (O. Jessen ib. vi. 28), or
altered to 'E-n-ibri/xios (R. Forster in the Ath. Mitth. 1894 xix. 372 f., citing a marble block
at Karadjadagh-Koi on the Ulutshar in Bithynia, which is inscribed Ad 'E-rrLb-qp-iw j
KXcwSiofs) 2e%)ols '0(pe\iwv o'iKo\vbfxos k(oX) 'HXids [ virep reKvccv \ k(cu) tQiv /3owv | evxys
xdpt;/ I aveo-Trjoa\p.ev) : Zeus 'on the Step' is better explained as a god standing beside the