Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,2): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Appendixes and index (Cambridge, 1925)

Zeus Philios

1181

course seemed to be to maintain the old altar of ashes on the hill-top and to
erect a new temple, which should be shared on equal terms by Zeus Philios and
the divinised emperor. Copper coins of Pergamon, struck by Trajan, illustrate
the inscription from the Traianeum in two ways. On the one hand, they put

Fig. 980. Fig. 98r. Fig. 982.

Trajan himself more or less on a par with Zeus Philios. Thus the emperor's
head occupies the obverse, the god's head the reverse, of a coin (fig. 980)1.
Or, the emperor's head on the obverse is balanced by a seated figure of the god
on the reverse (fig. 982)2. Or, the emperor in military costume stands beside the

orator on his platform and inspiring his utterance (ep. Welcker Gr. Gbtterl. ii. 207,
Farnell Cults of Gk. States i. 162). Supra p. 897 n. 3.

The southern or townward face of Trajan's Arch at Beneventum, which like the
Pergamene temple dates from the year 113—114, represents in the two panels of its attic
(a) the Capitoline triad awaiting the arrival of Trajan : Iuno is escorted by Mercurius and
Ceres, Minerva by Liber and Hercules; {/>) Trajan approaching the area Capitolina :
accompanied by Hadrian as emperor designate and followed by two lictors, he has
reached the temple of Iupiter Custos, on the left of which, before the entrance-arch, are
seen Roma, the Penates Publici Populi Romani, and the consuls. These two panels,
separated only by the dedicatory inscription {Corp. inser. Lat. ix no. 1558 = Dessau Inscr.
Lat. sel. no. 296 imp. Caesari divi Nervae filio | Nervae Traiano Optimo Aug. | Ger-
manico Dacico, pontif. max., trib. | potest, xvm, imp. VII, cos. VI, p.p., | fortissimo
principi, senatus p. q. R.), form a single composition-—Iupiter handing his own thunderbolt
to Trajan, who is thereby recognised as his vice-gerent (figs. 983, 984 are from photographs
by R. Moscioni (nos. 15308, 15309)). See further F. Petersen ' L'arco di Traiano a
Benevento' in the Rom. Mitth. 1892 vii. 239—264 with cut, especially p. 251 f.,
A. L. Frothingham in the Coniptes rendus de I'Acad. des inscr. et belles-lettres 1897
p. 379 f., A. von Domaszewski 'Die politische Bedeutung des Traiansbogens in Benevent'
in the Jahresh. d. oest. arch. Inst. 1899 173—I92 with figs., especially p. 175 ff.,
F. Wickhoff Roman Art trans. Mrs. S. A. Strong London 1900 pp. 105—110 with figs.,
ead. Roman Sculpture London 1907 pp. 214—227 with pis. 63—66, especially p. 215 f.,
ead. Apotheosis and the Ajter Life London 1915 pp. 85—87 pi. 10, Reinach Rip. Reliefs
i. 58—66, especially p. 64 no. 1 f. For the title Optimus see supra p. 100 n. 6.

The significance of the imperial figure on the summit of Trajan's Column at Rome
has been already considered {supra p. 100 ff.).

1 Overbeck Gr. Kunstmyth. Zeus p. 228 Miinztaf. 3, 23, Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Mysia
p. 141 pi. 28, 12, H. Stiller in Pergamon v. 2. 53 fig. 2, H. von Fritze in the Abh. d. berl.
Akad. igio Phil.-hist. Classe Anhang i. 55 pi. 4, 5. I figure a specimen from my
collection: obv. AVTTPAIA NOCCCBA^rev. X6VC 4>IAIOC ( = obv. AvroKpdrwp
Tpaiavds ^ej3auT6s, rev. Zei)s ^i'Xtos).

- Rasche Lex. Num. vi. 872, Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Mysia p. 141 no. 259, H. Stiller
in Pergamon v. 2. 53 fig. 1 =my fig. 982, H. von Fritze loc. cit. p. 55 pi. 4, 4: obv.
AVTTPAI ANOCC6BACT, rev. 4>|MOCXeYC flEPTA (-obv. AfrroKpdrup