Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 3,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (earthquake, clouds, wind, dew, rain, meteorits): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1940)

342 The holed vessel in Egypt

2400 v. Chr.)]....Das Pentagramm als planetarisches Zeichen ist in der ganzen Welt als
Schutzmittel gegen die bosen Geister in Gebrauch, als Drudenfuss, Pentalpha, Alpenkreuz,
salus Pythagorae. In alten Kirchen gilt es als Riegel gegen Damonen (vgl. Otte, Kirchl.
Archaeologie5 I, 479). " Das Pentagramma macht mir Pein.'" [See further S. Seligmann
Der bbse Blick und Verivandtes Berlin 1910 ii. 10 (with fig. 23), 234, 251, 254, and
especially 293 f. (with figs. 212, 213). I append a few numismatic examples: (1) A silver
statir of Melos, struck in s. v B.C., has obv. a pomegranate with traces of two leaves,
rev. AA/AAICN a pentagram (R.Jameson in the Rev. Num. iv Serie 1909 xiii. T9'
no. 13 pi. 5, 13 (=my fig. 213), Babelon Monti, gr. rom. ii. 3. S53f. pi. 241, 21, Plead
Hist, num.- p. 892). (2) Bronze coins of Pitane, struck in s. iv B.C., have obv. the head of
Zeus Amnion, rev. PI, PITA, PITAN, PITANAI AN or the like and a penta-
gram with central pellet (Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Mysia p. 171 f. pi. 34, 5 ( = my fig. 2l4)>
6—8, Hunter Cat. Coins ii. 286 no. 1, McClean Cat. Coins iii. 72 pi. 267, 8, 9
Weber Cat. Coins iii. r. 125 nos. 5237—5240 pi. 191, Anson Num. Gr. vi. 87 nos.
969—972 pi. 19, Head Hist, num.- p. 537). Under the empire the pentagram is placed

Fig. 213. Fig. 214. Fig. 2r5- Fig. 216. Fig.

Fig. 217. Fig.

on a shield (Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Mysia p. 172 pi. 34, 9 ( = my fig. 215), i°>
Cat. Coins iii. 73 pi. 267, n, Imhoof-Blumer Monti, gr. p. 258 no I45a> **• j.je3d
Miinzen i. 32 no. 1, Anson Num. Gr. ii. 92 no. ioigf. pi. 21, vi. 87 no. 973 '< ggj.
Hist, num.- p. 537) or used as a symbol (Imhoof-Blumer Gr. Miinzen p. 95 n0^e
(3) Bronze coins of Nuceria (Nocera) in Bruttii, struck c. 350—270 B.C. or later, Qpj,
the head of Apollon, laureate, to right, rev. NOYKP INftN, NOYKP^ ^ ^
a horse standing to left with a pentagram beneath it (Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins i a J . J^0
no. 1, Weber Cat. Coins i. 220 no. 1101 pi. 42, Babelon Cat. Monn. gr. de Luy^ ^
no. 779 pi- 28, Garrucci Mon. It. ant. p. 168 pi. 116, 29, Head Hist. "u'"'^^0\^e
Fig. 2t6 is from a specimen in my collection). (4) Unciae of central Italy in- ^ 0lS,
have obv. a club with pellet in field, rev. a pentagram with pellet in centre ( ^1-7)',
Cat. Coins Italy p. 59 nos. 29—31, Garrucci Mon. It. ant. p. 22 pi- 4^> *> ( = "„ards t,ie
E. A. Sydenham Aes grave London 1926 pp. 83 f., 105 no. 117 P'- I3' ? ,-,entag1'a"1
pentagram as obv., the club as rev., type), or obv. a swastika in relief, rev. ^ ^ oW'
deeply incised (Sydenham op. cit. p. 105 n. 1). A semuncia of the same reg ^ p_ 2i
a scallop-shell, rev. a pentagram with pellet in centre (Garrucci Mon. ■ ntagra"J
pi. 42, 7 ( = my fig. 218), Sydenham Op. cit.-p. 105 no. 118 (regards tn F
as obv., the scallop-shell as rev., type)). (5) The pentagram occurs