Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 3,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (earthquake, clouds, wind, dew, rain, meteorits): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1940)

646

Zeus as an ox; Zeus Olbios

turreted goddess seated towards the right, while Tyche—her second self—with kalalhos,

rudder, and cornu copiae stands before her, and a river-god swims at her feet (Brit. M'<s-

Cat. Coins Lycaonia, etc. p. 74 f. pi. 13, 3 = my fig. 447 from a cast). Substantial remains

of the Tychaion (E. L. Hicks in the Journ. Hell. Stud. 1891 xii. 264 no. 50 "Ottttw?

'Ofipifiov Kal Kvpia AeuviSov r\ yw^ 'Oinriov to Tuxcuoj' rrj 7r6Aei), a temple dating fioin

the second half of s. i a.d., are still to be seen at Uzundja Burdj (Man. As. Mill. I931

iii. 56 with pi. 29 and figs. 80, 83).

It seems likely that the temple of Zeus at Olba, founded by Aias, son of Teukros,

was a filial of the earlier and more famous temple of Zeus at Salamis in Kypros, founae

by Teukros himself (Tac. ami. 3. 62 exim Cyprii tribus <de (ins. Bezzenberger) >de

lubris, quorum vetustissimum Paphiae Veneri auctor Aerias, post filius eius Amatbus

Veneri Amathusiae et Iovi Salaminio Teucer, Telamonis patris ira profugus, posuissen )•

Not much is known of the Salaminian Zeus. Ampelius, drawing from some Alexandrine

source (G. Wissowa in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. i. 1880), mentions among the wonders

of the world a Cyprian colossus of the god (Ampel. 8. 20 Cypro signum Iovis Olymp11

aereum, facies ex auro, quern fecit Phidias tin (C. H. Tzschucke cj. altuni) cubitis ceiiM111

quinquaginta et latum cubitis sexaginta); but nobody is likely to believe him—con

fusion (Overbeck Schriftquellen p. 134 no. 738) and exaggeration are all too °^^'°US

E. Assmann (ed. 1935) assumes a conflation of Ampelius' text (Cypro <signum

aereum, facies ex auro, < altu > m cubitis centum quinquaginta et latum cubitis sexag

with a marginal list of the seven wonders (signum Iovis Olympi quem fecit PbidiaS

Justin in his third-century abridgement of Pompeius Trogus (whose historiae PhilipPlCf' '

written under Augustus, were in all probability the Latin version of a Greek ong'na

Timagenes, itself based on the <biKnririKa. of Theopompos and on other historical wor s ■

Ephoros, Timaios, Kleitarchos, Polybios, Poseidonios, Deinon, etc.: see W. S. 1eu

L. Schwabe History of Roman Literature trans. G. C. W. Warr London 1891 >■

M. Schanz Geschichte der romischen Litteratur^ Miinchen 1899 ii. t. 278 f.) te"s j

Elissa, after her husband Acerbas had been murdered by her brother Pygmalion. ^

from Tyre to Cyprus and was there joined by the priest of Iupiter, who bargainee ^

he and his descendants should hold the priesthood in perpetuity (lust. 18. 5- 1 3 P

illis adpulsus terrae Cyprus insula fuit, ubi sacerdos Iovis cum coniuge et liberis ^

monitu comitem se Elissae sociumque praebuit, pactus sibi posterisque perpetuum ^°n°^ncr

sacerdotii. condicio pro manifesto omine accepta). Ammianus Marcellmus, ^

shortly after 383 a.d. (M. Schanz op. cit. Mtinchen 1904 iv. 1. 90), notes the ^

of Iupiter's shrines at Salamis and Venus' temple at Paphus (Amm. Marc. I4" gt

Cyprum itidem insulam...inter municipia crebra urbes duae faciunt claram, Sa

Paphus: altera Iovis delubris, altera Veneris templo insignis). A curious 'eSe1^. s;u5

about Epiphanios, bishop of Salamis, who died an old man in 403 a.d. (R- A- ^ftg

in Smith—Wace Diet. Chr. Biogr. ii. 152), proves that in Christian times the . >

of Zeus, though closed and of evil repute, was still standing and known as the *

(or 'Strong Room'?) of the god, apparently because it contained much treaSUif-nCiorf's

sealed doors. The story, which exists in a longer (Polybios v. Epiphan. 53 111 in

ed. of Epiphanios Lipsiae 1859 u 58 f-) and shorter form (v. Epiphan. ipl •

Dindorf's ed. v. xx), is to this effect. Once during a sore famine a certain "^.^ fot

named Faustinianus sold wheat and barley to the people. Epiphanios begge ^ ^im

corn to feed the hungry poor and undertook to repay him for it. Faustinianus ^ ^

go and ask his God to supply their need. So Epiphanios went out one nig >

his wont, to pray among the tombs of the martyrs and besought God to su^ ^e0^\e

needy. Now there was an ancient temple called the Security of Zeus, death-

believed that, if any man approached it, he would be promptly carried 0 y

But while Epiphanios prayed God's voice was heard saying: 'Go to the te I ^0u

the Security of Zeus, and the seals of the doors shall be loosened, and entering S)

1 r t^iustin1'1

shalt find gold in abundance. Take it and buy all the wheat and barley on ^ j,e

and give food to the needy.' Thereupon Epiphanios went to the temple a"o'^uy up
approached it, the seals fell, the doors flew open, and he found gold enoug