Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 3,2): Zeus god of the dark sky (earthquake, clouds, wind, dew, rain, meteorits) (Cambridge, 1940)

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Addenda

should it be assigned ? It belongs clearly to the later part of the transitional period when
fighting-man developed into fighting-god (supra ii. 739 ff., 1111 f.) and may be dated
c. 460 B.C. Beyen attributes it, on rather insufficient grounds, to the Sicyonian school;
Karouzos, more explicitly, to the Sicyonian-Boeotian school of Kalamis. (2) Votive
figure or cult-image? Hardly the latter. A cult-image should be strictly frontal: the
worshipper expects to find a propitious and friendly presence, not to be met by a

Fig. 900.

tremendous antagonist in the act of hurling a missile! (3) Zeus or Poseidon? The
attitude would suit either, according as we assume thunderbolt or trident in the right
hand. Karouzos and Beyen think that the fingers imply a cylindrical trident loosely held
rather than a tightly grasped thunderbolt: yet we must remember that the Greek
thunderbolt often had a rounded handle in the middle, to prevent the god burning
himself. They note further that there is no trace of an eagle on the extended left hand,
and that there is a marked resemblance to the head of Poseidon (certified as such by the
trident over his shoulder) in a terra-cotta relief at Munich (Furtwangler Glyptothek zu
Munchen- p. 74 f. no. 62). On the other hand it must be admitted that the striding-
warrior type points primarily to Zeus fulminant and only secondarily to Poseidon.