DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.4328#0039
THE TEMPLE OF ARTEMIS AT MAGNESIA AND THE IONIC ORDER
15
bottom of the shafts, and they had no plinths—both these particulars are found again at the Smintheum;1
the entablature seems to have had a frieze which none of the Ionian works, certainly dated in the
fourth century—Ephesus, Priene, the Mausoleum, the Nereid Monument—had ; there were carved
headings under each fascia of the architrave as at the Smintheum ; the gutter had only two stones
to a columniation as at the Smintheum, and the carving of the cymation was of a late type (cf. Fig.
96 in Humann's Magnesia); some of the capitals had one flower at the centre of the cushion between
the two volutes—capitals at the Smintheum were also of this form; one of the leaf mouldings shown
by Koldewey has darts alternating with the leaves. Then we have the great fact of the pseudo-dipteral
arrangement and of the necessity for a timber ceiling over the pteron ; also the general close resemblance
of the plan to that of the Smintheum in having 8 x 14 columns on the fronts and flanks, and in being
strictly schematic. Taking all the evidence together, we must give the temple of Messa a date later than
that of Magnesia, reducing the German estimate of its age by nearly two centuries. The temple of
Sardes is another noble Ionic work which resembled Ephesus and Magnesia in having a wider interval
in the centre of the front. It has recently been thoroughly explored by an American expedition, but
the facts are not as yet fully available. The capitals were highly ornamented ; no frieze seems to
have been found.
The capitals from the Mausoleum at the British Museum may be dated c. 350, and those by the
same master from Priene c. 340; the capitals from Ephesus seem to be of a later type than those of
Priene, and together with the entablature should probably be brought down to c. 320-300. The capitals
of Sardes may probably be dated later than 300. At Magnesia and Teos, Hermogenes, c. 200, hardly
modified the capitals which had been developed before his time at Sardes and Samothrace. The
insignificant sculptured frieze of the temple at Magnesia may be one of the innovations of Hermogenes
in Ionian architecture. Messa should be placed later than 200. The Smintheum was probably not
built before the first century b.c.2
1 Described below, page 30.
2 For all that concerns the development of the Ionic Order and the connection between Vitruvius and Hermogenes, see Otto Puchstein's Das
ionische Capilel.
15
bottom of the shafts, and they had no plinths—both these particulars are found again at the Smintheum;1
the entablature seems to have had a frieze which none of the Ionian works, certainly dated in the
fourth century—Ephesus, Priene, the Mausoleum, the Nereid Monument—had ; there were carved
headings under each fascia of the architrave as at the Smintheum ; the gutter had only two stones
to a columniation as at the Smintheum, and the carving of the cymation was of a late type (cf. Fig.
96 in Humann's Magnesia); some of the capitals had one flower at the centre of the cushion between
the two volutes—capitals at the Smintheum were also of this form; one of the leaf mouldings shown
by Koldewey has darts alternating with the leaves. Then we have the great fact of the pseudo-dipteral
arrangement and of the necessity for a timber ceiling over the pteron ; also the general close resemblance
of the plan to that of the Smintheum in having 8 x 14 columns on the fronts and flanks, and in being
strictly schematic. Taking all the evidence together, we must give the temple of Messa a date later than
that of Magnesia, reducing the German estimate of its age by nearly two centuries. The temple of
Sardes is another noble Ionic work which resembled Ephesus and Magnesia in having a wider interval
in the centre of the front. It has recently been thoroughly explored by an American expedition, but
the facts are not as yet fully available. The capitals were highly ornamented ; no frieze seems to
have been found.
The capitals from the Mausoleum at the British Museum may be dated c. 350, and those by the
same master from Priene c. 340; the capitals from Ephesus seem to be of a later type than those of
Priene, and together with the entablature should probably be brought down to c. 320-300. The capitals
of Sardes may probably be dated later than 300. At Magnesia and Teos, Hermogenes, c. 200, hardly
modified the capitals which had been developed before his time at Sardes and Samothrace. The
insignificant sculptured frieze of the temple at Magnesia may be one of the innovations of Hermogenes
in Ionian architecture. Messa should be placed later than 200. The Smintheum was probably not
built before the first century b.c.2
1 Described below, page 30.
2 For all that concerns the development of the Ionic Order and the connection between Vitruvius and Hermogenes, see Otto Puchstein's Das
ionische Capilel.