APPENDIX III

THE PROBLEM OF THE OLD ATHENA TEMPLE
OR THE HECATOMPEDON

The views on the history of the old temple discovered by Professor
Dorpfeld and its relations to the other temples on the Acropolis
are widely divergent. The view of Professor Dorpfeld has been stated
above (pp. 51-53).

Of the other views the most noteworthy are the following:

1. J. G. Frazer, "The Pre-Persian Temple on the Acropolis,"
Appendix, vol. ii. Pausanias s Description of Greece.

Frazer holds that the oldest temple on the Acropolis was the
original Erechtheum, that this was a joint temple of Erechtheus
and Athena, that the temple discovered by Dorpfeld was never called
the old temple of Athena or of Athena Polias, that it was not restored
after the Persian destruction, that the Parthenon was designed to
be the successor of the Hecatompedon, and that the term opis-
thodomos of the inscriptions and writers refers to the western portico
of the Parthenon and later may have included the western chamber of
this temple.

2. A. Furtwiingler, Masterpieces of Greek Sculpture, Appendix, " The
Temples of Athena on the Akropolis."

Furtwangler believes that the temple discovered by Dorpfeld was
the double shrine of Erechtheus and Athena, and that its interior
arrangement is well fitted to the double worship of goddess and
hero. He holds further that the Parthenon was at first intended
to replace the Hecatompedon and that the worship of Erechtheus
as well as that of Athena was to be transferred to it, but that this
plan was subsequently modified by the building of the Erechtheum.
The Parthenon became "the place of festivals in which the goddess
herself was manifested in her image." The Parthenon is a lasting
memorial of what Pericles desired but did not accomplish, which