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82

BITHYFIA.

which the river flowed, I observed, had its summit sur-
rounded with a wall, apparently a Soman work; eight or
ten circular towers were still standing. The Turkish name
is Chobon Kalasy (' Shepherd's Castle'), and it has probably
been a little fortified town. The hills are of a slaty lime-
stone, and are much veined with marble. On the opposite
side of a little brook, not four yards from us, lay a dead
horse by the side of the stream. The party which were
feeding upon it were enjoying their meal greatly: two eagles
were perched upon the body, whose heads were continually
diving between the ribs; on the neck were three crows, and
at its head and eyes were two magpies; another eagle, quite
satiated, was wiping his bill against the hoofs. So intent
were they all on their meal, that even the noise of our horses
and our shouts caused only the last-mentioned guest to take
flight, which he did with much dignified composure. The
smaller birds heeded not the eagles, nor did the eagles
notice us.

Today I saw several specimens of that beautiful bird the
hoopoe, which is new to me in its wild state. It perches
on the trees, gliding among the branches as silently as the
woodpecker, and is here extremely bold; my servant has
several times marked it to a small tree, which he has ap-
proached, and even beaten the branches; failing to start it
he has returned, thinking it gone, when the bird has flown
from the tree with a flight similar to that of the blackbird.
The hills are almost wholly mounds of rich earth; indeed
the soil is so deep, that where they are at all abrupt the
rains have burst the surface and formed landslips ; for twenty
miles the country was but scantily cultivated, and had little
timber, although capable of producing anything. At Kods-
dervent (the ' Pass of the Grirls') the mulberry is much cul-
tivated, this district supplying the best silk sent to Brusa,
the great mart for silk manufactures.

Leaving this place we passed through underwood and

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