DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.29899#0059
Bk. III. Ch. I.
DIYISION OF SUBJECT.
89
BOOK III.
FRANCE.
CHAPTEE I.
CONTENTS.
Division of snbject—Pointed arcbes—Provence—Churcbes at Avignon, Arles, Alet,
Fontifroide, Maguelonne, Yienne—Circular cburcbes—Towers—Cloisters.
CHRONOLOGY.
DATES.
Charlemagne.a.d. 768 813
Rollo, flrst Duke of Normandy .... 911
Hugh Capet. 987
William II. of Normandy, or the Con-
queror. 1055-1086
Henry I. of France.1031
Philip I., or l’Amoureux.1060
Louis VI., or le Gros.1108
Louis VII., or le Jeune ....... 1137
St. Bemard of Clairvaux . . . 1091-1153
Philip IL, or l’Auguste.1180
Louis VIII., or the Lion.1223
Louis IX., or the Saint.1226
DATES.
Philip III., the Hardy.a.d. 1270
Philip IV., or the Fair.1285
Philip VI. of Valois.1328
Battle of Crecy.1346
Jolm II., the Good.1350
Charles V., the Wise.1364
Charles VI., the Beloved. 1380
Charles VII., the Victorious.1422
Joan of Arc.1412-1431
Louis XI. 1461
Charles VIII. 1483
Louis XII. 1498
Francis 1.1515
To those who do not look beyond the present, France appears to be
one of the most homogeneous of all the countries of Europe—inhabited
by a people speaking one language, professing one religion, governed
by the same laws, and actuated by the same feelings and aspirations ;
yet it certainly is not so in reality, and in the Middle Ages the
distinctions between the various races and peoples were strongly
marked and capable of easy definition. Wars, persecutions, and
revolutions, have done much to obliterate these, and the long habit
of living under a centralised clespotism has produced a superficial
uniformity which hicles a great cleal of actual diversity. The process
of fusion commenced apparently about the reign of Louis the Saint
(a.d. 1226), ancl has gone on steadily ever since. Before his time
France was dividecl into six or eight great ethnographic provinces
which might now be easily mapped out, though their boundaries
frequently differed widely from the political division of the land.
DIYISION OF SUBJECT.
89
BOOK III.
FRANCE.
CHAPTEE I.
CONTENTS.
Division of snbject—Pointed arcbes—Provence—Churcbes at Avignon, Arles, Alet,
Fontifroide, Maguelonne, Yienne—Circular cburcbes—Towers—Cloisters.
CHRONOLOGY.
DATES.
Charlemagne.a.d. 768 813
Rollo, flrst Duke of Normandy .... 911
Hugh Capet. 987
William II. of Normandy, or the Con-
queror. 1055-1086
Henry I. of France.1031
Philip I., or l’Amoureux.1060
Louis VI., or le Gros.1108
Louis VII., or le Jeune ....... 1137
St. Bemard of Clairvaux . . . 1091-1153
Philip IL, or l’Auguste.1180
Louis VIII., or the Lion.1223
Louis IX., or the Saint.1226
DATES.
Philip III., the Hardy.a.d. 1270
Philip IV., or the Fair.1285
Philip VI. of Valois.1328
Battle of Crecy.1346
Jolm II., the Good.1350
Charles V., the Wise.1364
Charles VI., the Beloved. 1380
Charles VII., the Victorious.1422
Joan of Arc.1412-1431
Louis XI. 1461
Charles VIII. 1483
Louis XII. 1498
Francis 1.1515
To those who do not look beyond the present, France appears to be
one of the most homogeneous of all the countries of Europe—inhabited
by a people speaking one language, professing one religion, governed
by the same laws, and actuated by the same feelings and aspirations ;
yet it certainly is not so in reality, and in the Middle Ages the
distinctions between the various races and peoples were strongly
marked and capable of easy definition. Wars, persecutions, and
revolutions, have done much to obliterate these, and the long habit
of living under a centralised clespotism has produced a superficial
uniformity which hicles a great cleal of actual diversity. The process
of fusion commenced apparently about the reign of Louis the Saint
(a.d. 1226), ancl has gone on steadily ever since. Before his time
France was dividecl into six or eight great ethnographic provinces
which might now be easily mapped out, though their boundaries
frequently differed widely from the political division of the land.