DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.47495#0169
Type 41
145
Origin-. This type was produced along the southern Spanish coast (Cadiz, Malaga and Huelva region)546.
Distribution-. The type occurs mainly in the western Mediterranean and in the northern provinces547.
Fabric: (analysed no. 341)
Visual characteristics
The three rims belong to three fabric groups.
1. Spanish Fabric D, no. 341, buff, hard sandy fabric, with abundant white and colorless grains and voids.
2. The other two amphorae are very different. No. 342 was fired at a high temperature. Buff, hard, sandy
fabric. There are reaction rims of voids of limestone and foraminifera.
3. No. 343 is entirely different, with brown and red inclusions, the size of the grains is 0.5-1 mm.
Petrology
Spanish Fabric D
Sample: no. 341
Matrix-. Optically inactive, originally lime rich groundmass, artificially tempered with partially well rounded quartz grains.
Temper. Very frequent monocrystalline quartz and moulds of former carbonates, frequent iron oxide concretions, subordinate
muscovite and foraminifers, rare K-feldspars and oxidised mica, very rare polycrystalline quartz, plagioclase and calcite bio-
clasts.
The heavy mineral assemblage is composed of zircon (31%), garnet (28%), rutile (9%), andalusite (8%), tourmaline (6%),
hornblende (6%), epidote/zoisite (5%), titanite (3%), staurolite (2%), unidentified grains (2%) and traces of brookite/anatase,
monazite, disthene and sillimanite.
Comment: The raw material is calcareous, marine clay, artificially tempered by fine to medium grained sand. Typical are the
rounded quartz grains, the abundance of foraminifers and the heavy mineral assemblage dominated by zircon, garnet and a
remarkable content of andalusite. The petrographical composition and the heavy mineral assemblage could be similar to some
Spanish fabrics.
R.S.
Catalogue
Tetragonos Agora
341. Rim, neck fr., 88/013 (700), Trench 88/2, D = 23 cm, V = 343. Rim, neck fr., 88/013 (702), Trench 88/2, D = 18.2 cm,
2.2 cm, HD = 4.3 cm, H = 8 cm, buff (10YR 8/4—7/4), V = 1.9 cm, HD = 4.1 cm, H = 5.3 cm, reddish yellow
PLATES 31, 79 (7.5YR 7/6), SF: buff (2.5Y 7/4), PLATES 31, 79
342. Rim, neck fr., 88/013 (701), Trench 88/2, D = 18 cm, V -
1.7 cm, HD = 3.4 cm, H = 4.6 cm, light olive grey (5Y
6/2), SF: pale yellow (5Y 8/4), PLATES 31, 79
Type 41
Dressel 12
(Beltran 3; Ostia 52; Peacock - Williams 14; Augst 22)
Form: An everted rim, a widening neck, and an ovoid body with a short, solid base. The handles
from below the rim run in a curve to the upper part of the body. There is a rib under the handles548.
There are very few amphorae of this type in Ephesus.
546 Etienne - Mayet 2002, 58-70, 159-177; Sciallano - Sibella 1994, Dressel 9; Lagostena 1996, 156; Lagostena 2005, Dressel 9;
Lagostena - Bernal 2004, 86-88. 106.
547 Martin-Kilcher 2003, 73, 77; Martin-Kilcher 2005, 208, 212; Ehmig 2003, 47; Lagostena 2005, Dressel 9.
548 Peacock - Williams 1986, 113 f; Etienne - Mayet 2002, 119 f., they have distinguished A and B variants; Williams 2005, Dressel 12.
145
Origin-. This type was produced along the southern Spanish coast (Cadiz, Malaga and Huelva region)546.
Distribution-. The type occurs mainly in the western Mediterranean and in the northern provinces547.
Fabric: (analysed no. 341)
Visual characteristics
The three rims belong to three fabric groups.
1. Spanish Fabric D, no. 341, buff, hard sandy fabric, with abundant white and colorless grains and voids.
2. The other two amphorae are very different. No. 342 was fired at a high temperature. Buff, hard, sandy
fabric. There are reaction rims of voids of limestone and foraminifera.
3. No. 343 is entirely different, with brown and red inclusions, the size of the grains is 0.5-1 mm.
Petrology
Spanish Fabric D
Sample: no. 341
Matrix-. Optically inactive, originally lime rich groundmass, artificially tempered with partially well rounded quartz grains.
Temper. Very frequent monocrystalline quartz and moulds of former carbonates, frequent iron oxide concretions, subordinate
muscovite and foraminifers, rare K-feldspars and oxidised mica, very rare polycrystalline quartz, plagioclase and calcite bio-
clasts.
The heavy mineral assemblage is composed of zircon (31%), garnet (28%), rutile (9%), andalusite (8%), tourmaline (6%),
hornblende (6%), epidote/zoisite (5%), titanite (3%), staurolite (2%), unidentified grains (2%) and traces of brookite/anatase,
monazite, disthene and sillimanite.
Comment: The raw material is calcareous, marine clay, artificially tempered by fine to medium grained sand. Typical are the
rounded quartz grains, the abundance of foraminifers and the heavy mineral assemblage dominated by zircon, garnet and a
remarkable content of andalusite. The petrographical composition and the heavy mineral assemblage could be similar to some
Spanish fabrics.
R.S.
Catalogue
Tetragonos Agora
341. Rim, neck fr., 88/013 (700), Trench 88/2, D = 23 cm, V = 343. Rim, neck fr., 88/013 (702), Trench 88/2, D = 18.2 cm,
2.2 cm, HD = 4.3 cm, H = 8 cm, buff (10YR 8/4—7/4), V = 1.9 cm, HD = 4.1 cm, H = 5.3 cm, reddish yellow
PLATES 31, 79 (7.5YR 7/6), SF: buff (2.5Y 7/4), PLATES 31, 79
342. Rim, neck fr., 88/013 (701), Trench 88/2, D = 18 cm, V -
1.7 cm, HD = 3.4 cm, H = 4.6 cm, light olive grey (5Y
6/2), SF: pale yellow (5Y 8/4), PLATES 31, 79
Type 41
Dressel 12
(Beltran 3; Ostia 52; Peacock - Williams 14; Augst 22)
Form: An everted rim, a widening neck, and an ovoid body with a short, solid base. The handles
from below the rim run in a curve to the upper part of the body. There is a rib under the handles548.
There are very few amphorae of this type in Ephesus.
546 Etienne - Mayet 2002, 58-70, 159-177; Sciallano - Sibella 1994, Dressel 9; Lagostena 1996, 156; Lagostena 2005, Dressel 9;
Lagostena - Bernal 2004, 86-88. 106.
547 Martin-Kilcher 2003, 73, 77; Martin-Kilcher 2005, 208, 212; Ehmig 2003, 47; Lagostena 2005, Dressel 9.
548 Peacock - Williams 1986, 113 f; Etienne - Mayet 2002, 119 f., they have distinguished A and B variants; Williams 2005, Dressel 12.
