DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.4665#0034
24
EL ARABAH.
CHAPTER III.—FURTHER ACCOUNT OF BURIALS FOUND UNDISTURBED.
[With illustrations from Plates I, III ; X, XVI; XVIII-XX.]
For the purpose of further describing some modes
of burial employed in the Xllth, XVIIIth, and inter-
vening dynasties, seven groups of burials have been
selected from a number of twelve or fifteen that were
found undisturbed. Of these, two, namely those from
tombs E. 30 and E. 45, are typically of the Xllth
dynasty, while those numbered E. 294 and 178 are
dated to the XVIIIth. The other three, E. 3, E. 230,
and E. 100, are believed to represent the intermediate
period. The burials of the earlier date had been
enclosed simply in wooden coffins which the white ant
had almost destroyed. That numbered E. 30 was a
single burial, rich in the jewels and characteristic
tomb furniture of the age. The three numbered 45,
on the other hand, were from a large chamber which
had originally contained a fourth, probably that of
Mut-sent, whose statuette was found in the door-
way. The ornaments laid with them are also
characteristic of their (slightly later) period, though
not so splendid as those with the former.
The burials that represent the few following
dynasties, again, are more varied in character. In
those numbered E. 3 (for there were several in the
second and third pits of that row), there survived
many features of the Xllth dynasty, and they them-
selves are probably not later than the Xlllth, an age
which their tomb furniture indicates. They also were
enclosed in wooden coffins. The next, however,
numbered 230, showed a difference more marked. It
still retained some forms of jewelry and ornaments
that spoke of the Xllth dynasty, and was equally
free from the foreign influences of the XVIIIth
dynasty. Though its date is somewhat uncertain, it
probably belongs to the XlVth or possibly to the
XVth dynasty. The latest burial of this period,
numbered 100, presents differences even more marked.
Its pottery, though of Egyptian character, already
shows some sign of the changes that had become
accomplished by the XVIIIth dynasty. The furniture
was scanty, and the burial hasty. It lay some way
down in a pit that was really the shaft of an earlier
tomb, with chambers at a lower depth. In this way
it bears some analogy to the burials of that other
" intermediate period," which lies between the Vlth
dynasty and the Xlth, or between the Old Kingdom
and the Middle Kingdom—a period which was
equally one of decline from the higher level of that
which preceded it, and which later gave way to
one of fresh character. This burial, though not
representative of the invaders themselves, possibly
dates from the Hyksos period, the XVth or XVIth
dynasty.
The two burials of the XVIIIth dynasty are
characteristic and instructive. They tell plainly of
the prevailing influences of the age. That numbered
294 bears some features but newly introduced to the
country from abroad : one jar is even marked with
the Semitic name of Aatuna, yet it still preserves
many features of Egyptian usage. The bodies, though
enclosed in a stone sarcophagus, had been first
covered with thin layers of stucco, and to one was
attached a plaster face, after the older fashion.
Some of its pottery, too, though decorated with a
black line wicker-pattern, of non-Egyptian motive,
yet preserves the earlier forms of the vessels them-
selves. The other burials, numbered 178, are fur-
nished chiefly with deposits of a non-Egyptian
character. The familiar lotus pattern remains on a
glazed dish ; while some forms of pottery and kohl
vessels bear a semblance to those of a previous time.
But the character of the whole, with the approxi-
mated accuracy of its date, is further evidence, if
such were needed, of the close inter-relation, whether
directly, or through the medium of a third or other
influence, that existed between Egypt and the Greek
islands generally in the XVIIIth dynasty.
p#LS
OF
r'
It has
.ifover
alreac
chi<
,lunder«
on i
ardsthe*
and in &
i had bee
_ penda
i string <
ibabl;
of ca
, and prol
were m
, have formed
ji Wound twi
0 in a third :
■jililace of rich c
ud of globular f<
jH, which were
-presented by tl
iplcates remaii
ik full set inclu
Ink, fish, bird
i silver, fn f
den handle.
a the forehe;
Bel of blue
iimber was to
'inordinary]
a about i| me
w invariably
in was too
s plunderers
out.
I ft
Three
chamf.
«d scatter*
«ii*d tha
*« along
*» inch,
Ntwoi
* Pendant
*onth
,ellastheb
*».
ia'
EL ARABAH.
CHAPTER III.—FURTHER ACCOUNT OF BURIALS FOUND UNDISTURBED.
[With illustrations from Plates I, III ; X, XVI; XVIII-XX.]
For the purpose of further describing some modes
of burial employed in the Xllth, XVIIIth, and inter-
vening dynasties, seven groups of burials have been
selected from a number of twelve or fifteen that were
found undisturbed. Of these, two, namely those from
tombs E. 30 and E. 45, are typically of the Xllth
dynasty, while those numbered E. 294 and 178 are
dated to the XVIIIth. The other three, E. 3, E. 230,
and E. 100, are believed to represent the intermediate
period. The burials of the earlier date had been
enclosed simply in wooden coffins which the white ant
had almost destroyed. That numbered E. 30 was a
single burial, rich in the jewels and characteristic
tomb furniture of the age. The three numbered 45,
on the other hand, were from a large chamber which
had originally contained a fourth, probably that of
Mut-sent, whose statuette was found in the door-
way. The ornaments laid with them are also
characteristic of their (slightly later) period, though
not so splendid as those with the former.
The burials that represent the few following
dynasties, again, are more varied in character. In
those numbered E. 3 (for there were several in the
second and third pits of that row), there survived
many features of the Xllth dynasty, and they them-
selves are probably not later than the Xlllth, an age
which their tomb furniture indicates. They also were
enclosed in wooden coffins. The next, however,
numbered 230, showed a difference more marked. It
still retained some forms of jewelry and ornaments
that spoke of the Xllth dynasty, and was equally
free from the foreign influences of the XVIIIth
dynasty. Though its date is somewhat uncertain, it
probably belongs to the XlVth or possibly to the
XVth dynasty. The latest burial of this period,
numbered 100, presents differences even more marked.
Its pottery, though of Egyptian character, already
shows some sign of the changes that had become
accomplished by the XVIIIth dynasty. The furniture
was scanty, and the burial hasty. It lay some way
down in a pit that was really the shaft of an earlier
tomb, with chambers at a lower depth. In this way
it bears some analogy to the burials of that other
" intermediate period," which lies between the Vlth
dynasty and the Xlth, or between the Old Kingdom
and the Middle Kingdom—a period which was
equally one of decline from the higher level of that
which preceded it, and which later gave way to
one of fresh character. This burial, though not
representative of the invaders themselves, possibly
dates from the Hyksos period, the XVth or XVIth
dynasty.
The two burials of the XVIIIth dynasty are
characteristic and instructive. They tell plainly of
the prevailing influences of the age. That numbered
294 bears some features but newly introduced to the
country from abroad : one jar is even marked with
the Semitic name of Aatuna, yet it still preserves
many features of Egyptian usage. The bodies, though
enclosed in a stone sarcophagus, had been first
covered with thin layers of stucco, and to one was
attached a plaster face, after the older fashion.
Some of its pottery, too, though decorated with a
black line wicker-pattern, of non-Egyptian motive,
yet preserves the earlier forms of the vessels them-
selves. The other burials, numbered 178, are fur-
nished chiefly with deposits of a non-Egyptian
character. The familiar lotus pattern remains on a
glazed dish ; while some forms of pottery and kohl
vessels bear a semblance to those of a previous time.
But the character of the whole, with the approxi-
mated accuracy of its date, is further evidence, if
such were needed, of the close inter-relation, whether
directly, or through the medium of a third or other
influence, that existed between Egypt and the Greek
islands generally in the XVIIIth dynasty.
p#LS
OF
r'
It has
.ifover
alreac
chi<
,lunder«
on i
ardsthe*
and in &
i had bee
_ penda
i string <
ibabl;
of ca
, and prol
were m
, have formed
ji Wound twi
0 in a third :
■jililace of rich c
ud of globular f<
jH, which were
-presented by tl
iplcates remaii
ik full set inclu
Ink, fish, bird
i silver, fn f
den handle.
a the forehe;
Bel of blue
iimber was to
'inordinary]
a about i| me
w invariably
in was too
s plunderers
out.
I ft
Three
chamf.
«d scatter*
«ii*d tha
*« along
*» inch,
Ntwoi
* Pendant
*onth
,ellastheb
*».
ia'