DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.4657#0018
THE TOMB OF HEN-NEKHT.
13
remains have been found, and they are the first
which can with fair certainty be attributed to the
Illrd Dynasty. The Cairo Museum now possesses
his skull, two tibiae, his left femur, left clavicle, and
left humerus, together with fragments of pelvis,
scapulae, and fibulae.
" The skull of Hen-Nekht is extraordinarily mas-
sive and capacious. The roof is perfect, save for a
gap in the left parietal bone. Its shape corresponds
to the term Beloides used by Sergi {Specie e Varietd
Umane, p. 84). The parietal eminences are very
strongly developed ; the frontal eminences are promi-
nent. The face is intact, save that the zygomatic
arches are broken and the maxilla is worn and tooth-
less. The occipital bone is much broken around the
foramen magnum. The squamous portions of the
temporal bones are much damaged at the upper
margins. In side-view, a depression is seen in the
profile-line of the forehead between the strong frontal
eminences above and the glabella below. The supra-
orbital ridges are indicated only over the inner half
of the orbits. The nasion is deeply sunk. The nasal
bones are short: the shape of the nose is slightly
concave near the root, but distinctly convex towards
the free end of the nasal bones. The nasal spine is
moderately developed. The lower jaw is unusually
massive, and marked by strong ridges giving attach-
ment to powerful muscles. The chin is triangular,
and very prominent. The angle of the jaw appears
almost a right angle. Three right lower molar teeth
are present. The face seems orthognathous. The
temporal crests are strongly indicated ; the mastoid
processes are also very powerful. The pteria are in
H. The profile curve of the skull-roof is a long low
arc traceable from the frontal eminences backward.
The hinder half of the parietal region is more flattened ;
but the supra-occipital part of the occipital bone is
well developed, and protrudes noticeably in side-view
beyond the parietal region that lies above. Seen
from behind, the occipital region is of a rounded
pentagonal shape, the two upright sides being un-
usually long and vertical. The parieto-occipital
sutures contain numerous large Wormian bones.
The outer surface of the occipital bone is exceed-
ingly rugged. One, in particular, of its many ridges,
stretching across the greater part of the width of the
bone, at the level of the superior nuchal line, is so
prominent as to form a spur projecting nine milli-
metres beyond the surface of the bone beneath it.
On this spur the skull naturally rests, when placed in
a horizontal position. In a view from below, little is
noteworthy. There are deep depressions behind
and internal to the mastoid processes. The palato-
maxillary and inter-maxillary sutures are open.
Seen from the front, the forehead is high, full, but a
little narrow. The nose is high, but its bridge is
broad. The lower margins of the nasal apertures are
well defined. The cheek-bones are massive, rugged,
and broad. The internal bi-orbital distance is wide.
"The long bones are very massive, remarkably
long, and well marked with grooves and ridges. The
olecranon fossa of the humerus is imperforate. The
femur is very broad at its lower end. The tibiae are
highly platycnemic, very massive, and have a strongly
convex bend forwards.
"The following are the several measurements
given by the skeleton of Hen-Nekht, and by that of
another Egyptian of the same dynasty described in
sections 44, 45.
SKULLS.
HEN-NEKHT
K. 3.
m.m.
m.m.
Glabello-occipital length
193
194
Maximum breadth ....
153
J52
Minimum frontal breadth
97'S
93'5
Basio-bregmatic height
H7
Nasio-alveolar length ....
67'"
64
Nasio-mental length ....
108-5
Nasal length .....
52
51
Nasal breadth .....
27
23'5
Orbital height .....
38
/ 33 (r.)
I 34 (1.)
Orbital breadth.....
/ 32 (r.)
1 3o-S(l.)
J 39 (r.)
I 40 (1.)
External bi-orbital breadth .
no
100
Internal bi-orbital breadth .
25
!7
Basio-nasal length ....
100
Basio-alveolar length ....
96
Bizygomatic breadth ....
131
Bi-malar breadth ....
89
Bi-mastoid breadth ....
107
95
External bi-maxillary breadth
63
Bigonial mandibular breadth
i°5
90
Palatal length .....
57-5
Orbito-malar arc ....
104
Bi-auricular arc ....
35i
343
Horizontal circumference
547
552
Cranial breadth index.
79'3
78-4
Cranial height index ....
...
75-8
Upper facial index ....
48-9
Lower facial index ....
82-8
Gnathic index .....
96-0
Nasal index .....
Si-9
46'1
Orbital index .....
/ 84-2 (r.)
l-8o-3(L)
/ 84-6 (r.)
1 85-o(l.)
LONG BONES.*
Humerus (maximum length)
/ •• (r.)
\ 344(1-)
/334 (r.)
\328d.)
Radius „ ,, .
(266 (r.)
(260 (1.)
Ulna ,, ,, .
f .- (r.)
I285 (1.)
* It is to be regretted that these measurements were not taken with
a properly devised osteometer : they may nevertheless be regarded as
sufficiently accurate for most anthropological purposes.
13
remains have been found, and they are the first
which can with fair certainty be attributed to the
Illrd Dynasty. The Cairo Museum now possesses
his skull, two tibiae, his left femur, left clavicle, and
left humerus, together with fragments of pelvis,
scapulae, and fibulae.
" The skull of Hen-Nekht is extraordinarily mas-
sive and capacious. The roof is perfect, save for a
gap in the left parietal bone. Its shape corresponds
to the term Beloides used by Sergi {Specie e Varietd
Umane, p. 84). The parietal eminences are very
strongly developed ; the frontal eminences are promi-
nent. The face is intact, save that the zygomatic
arches are broken and the maxilla is worn and tooth-
less. The occipital bone is much broken around the
foramen magnum. The squamous portions of the
temporal bones are much damaged at the upper
margins. In side-view, a depression is seen in the
profile-line of the forehead between the strong frontal
eminences above and the glabella below. The supra-
orbital ridges are indicated only over the inner half
of the orbits. The nasion is deeply sunk. The nasal
bones are short: the shape of the nose is slightly
concave near the root, but distinctly convex towards
the free end of the nasal bones. The nasal spine is
moderately developed. The lower jaw is unusually
massive, and marked by strong ridges giving attach-
ment to powerful muscles. The chin is triangular,
and very prominent. The angle of the jaw appears
almost a right angle. Three right lower molar teeth
are present. The face seems orthognathous. The
temporal crests are strongly indicated ; the mastoid
processes are also very powerful. The pteria are in
H. The profile curve of the skull-roof is a long low
arc traceable from the frontal eminences backward.
The hinder half of the parietal region is more flattened ;
but the supra-occipital part of the occipital bone is
well developed, and protrudes noticeably in side-view
beyond the parietal region that lies above. Seen
from behind, the occipital region is of a rounded
pentagonal shape, the two upright sides being un-
usually long and vertical. The parieto-occipital
sutures contain numerous large Wormian bones.
The outer surface of the occipital bone is exceed-
ingly rugged. One, in particular, of its many ridges,
stretching across the greater part of the width of the
bone, at the level of the superior nuchal line, is so
prominent as to form a spur projecting nine milli-
metres beyond the surface of the bone beneath it.
On this spur the skull naturally rests, when placed in
a horizontal position. In a view from below, little is
noteworthy. There are deep depressions behind
and internal to the mastoid processes. The palato-
maxillary and inter-maxillary sutures are open.
Seen from the front, the forehead is high, full, but a
little narrow. The nose is high, but its bridge is
broad. The lower margins of the nasal apertures are
well defined. The cheek-bones are massive, rugged,
and broad. The internal bi-orbital distance is wide.
"The long bones are very massive, remarkably
long, and well marked with grooves and ridges. The
olecranon fossa of the humerus is imperforate. The
femur is very broad at its lower end. The tibiae are
highly platycnemic, very massive, and have a strongly
convex bend forwards.
"The following are the several measurements
given by the skeleton of Hen-Nekht, and by that of
another Egyptian of the same dynasty described in
sections 44, 45.
SKULLS.
HEN-NEKHT
K. 3.
m.m.
m.m.
Glabello-occipital length
193
194
Maximum breadth ....
153
J52
Minimum frontal breadth
97'S
93'5
Basio-bregmatic height
H7
Nasio-alveolar length ....
67'"
64
Nasio-mental length ....
108-5
Nasal length .....
52
51
Nasal breadth .....
27
23'5
Orbital height .....
38
/ 33 (r.)
I 34 (1.)
Orbital breadth.....
/ 32 (r.)
1 3o-S(l.)
J 39 (r.)
I 40 (1.)
External bi-orbital breadth .
no
100
Internal bi-orbital breadth .
25
!7
Basio-nasal length ....
100
Basio-alveolar length ....
96
Bizygomatic breadth ....
131
Bi-malar breadth ....
89
Bi-mastoid breadth ....
107
95
External bi-maxillary breadth
63
Bigonial mandibular breadth
i°5
90
Palatal length .....
57-5
Orbito-malar arc ....
104
Bi-auricular arc ....
35i
343
Horizontal circumference
547
552
Cranial breadth index.
79'3
78-4
Cranial height index ....
...
75-8
Upper facial index ....
48-9
Lower facial index ....
82-8
Gnathic index .....
96-0
Nasal index .....
Si-9
46'1
Orbital index .....
/ 84-2 (r.)
l-8o-3(L)
/ 84-6 (r.)
1 85-o(l.)
LONG BONES.*
Humerus (maximum length)
/ •• (r.)
\ 344(1-)
/334 (r.)
\328d.)
Radius „ ,, .
(266 (r.)
(260 (1.)
Ulna ,, ,, .
f .- (r.)
I285 (1.)
* It is to be regretted that these measurements were not taken with
a properly devised osteometer : they may nevertheless be regarded as
sufficiently accurate for most anthropological purposes.