DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.16205#0044
STONE AND
Stone hammers of all sizes came to light in our excavations—from such as would drive small pegs
or nails (Nos. 26, 28), to others that would break heavy stones or jam the cobbles of a pavement (Nos.
37—39)• They are not wrought in any way, but are natural stones chosen for their suitable form.
It should be noted that some of these stones are roughly suggestive of animals, especially of the dove
(No. 27), and may have been considered ' lucky' or of some fetish value. Whetstones are either tongue-
shaped (No. 31), oblong (No. 29), or sub-triangular (No. 30), the last being sometimes bored at the
narrow end for hanging. The material aKovowerpa is still quarried from a mountain c. 15 miles n. w. of
Gournia, and its export is a source of wealth for the modern village of Elunta as it was for the classical
city Olus, which occupied almost the same site.
Mortars and pestles played an important part in the life of the ancient burghers; some are stones
of convenient form left unfashioned, others have been shaped with care, Nos. 45, 46; Nos. 64-66 may
also be mortars, but there are classical vase paintings which suggest that they were basins for water.
One pestle has even received a high polish (No. 44). An unwrought stone which resembles a ninepin
in shape, and would make an admirable club, was probably a pestle for one of the large mortars that
stand just within the street-door of many houses (in A 30, 48; B 5, 14; C 6, 17, 47; D 21, 25, 37; F 27).
These are rough stones, often of considerable size, in which a natural hollow seems to have been made
deeper by use; in one case a hole has actually been worn through. They either stand on the paved floor
or are sunk beneath it to the rim. No pestle has been found with any of these, and their position close
to the outer door has induced some archaeologists to believe that they served some other purpose than
the one of pounding and grinding, or that some special significance was attached to their use. Stone
kettles (Nos. 59-61) require a greater fire to heat them than vessels of clay, but retain their heat longer,
and can stand a higher temperature; probably they were made for use in crafts rather than in cooking.
Certain tools are of more than ordinary interest because they relate to special trades. Three
examples were found of a foot-shaped clay object, best explained as a shoemaker's last. As in the
wooden article of to-day, a hole is bored straight down for about one inch from the middle of the top,
and then out at one side. By means of a cord passed through this hole, the last could be hung up, or
pulled out of the shoe that was shaped over it. The men figured on the Vaphio cups wear low bus-
kins which correspond to the form from Gournia; but the small size of our most perfect example
(No. 11) either precludes the possibility of its being for the shoe of a full-grown man, or postulates a
very small race. Of the other examples, one is of practically the same size as No. 11, the other is about
CLAY TOOLS
two-thirds as large. The shape of the sole is that of a spreading 'common-sense'shoe, with scarcely
any contraction at the instep. To some readers it will no doubt occur that such objects may be votive
representations of a human foot, which had been cured from disease; but against this view one must
note that they are much larger than the usual simulacra of this sort, that no other parts of the body
are so represented at Gournia, and that they were not found in connection with the Shrine or other
religious objects. A large stone tool, shaped like a plane (No. 35), but having no cutting edge in the
sole, was probably used as a float for smoothing plaster or concrete on the floors of courts, halls, and
baths—it would be too heavy for smoothing walls, (cf. wooden 'plasterers' floats'from Illahun). Certain
hollow, spool-shaped articles may be reels or small ring-stands, for supporting vessels which have a
pointed base; my notes say, however, that the one figured on our Plate No. 36, is possibly the bottom
of a vase. The Gournia painter of vases and frescoes left behind him his colors, red, yellow, and blue,
stone tables (No. 43) and slabs (No. 56) for grinding them, and part of a clay color-box (No. 42).
Slabs and tables have a well-worn surface; the color-box fragment shows a groove at one end for the
thumb, and small compartments for single colors on either side of an oblong space where they could
be mixed. That bronze was cast on the site is proved by a stone crucible (No. 57), a clay pot
for carrying a charge of metal (No. 58), numerous stone moulds (Nos. 53, 54, 62, 63) with their covers
(No. 55), and scraps of bronze and slag. One object more than any other made the distant past live
in our imaginations. This was a block of schist of irregular shape (No. 67A), with flat top and bottom.
In the upper surface, which is scored at random, as if by idle hands, a mould is cut for casting a chisel
(cf. PI. IV, 9-11); in one side (No. 67A) five moulds for nails, bars, or awls are cut lengthwise; on
the opposite side four upright moulds for nails are visible (No. 67B); on the bottom are two
moulds for narrow chisels (cf. PI. IV, 12-15), cut one on either side of a mould for a broad chisel, like
the one on top of the block. This stone was so precious a possession that when it cracked in a jagged
line across the top, the owner used the utmost care in mending it. First he drew a narrow strip of
bronze twice around the block binding this fast with turns of the strip, and then he drove in flat stones
as wedges between the strip of metal and the block, two on one side (No. 67A), and one broken in two
pieces on the other—a neat piece of work, that brings us in very close touch with the everyday life of
the burghers. The block was found at the door of E 10, where it had been dropped by a plunderer
or by the owner himself, trying to save his possessions from a burning house; perhaps because of the
break, he cast it aside, for us to save 3500 years later.
! Ground stone axe-head, hard limestone, bevelled on 2 sides to a sharp edge. L. 7.6 cm. From A 18. Reg. No. 418.
2 Like No. 1. L. (inc.) 5.1 cm. [Cf. Troja u. Ilion I; fig. 253 (1st City), figs. 311—314 (2nd~5th Cities).]
3 Spherical sling-stone, hard limestone. D. c. 4 cm.
4 Fragment of a limestone core, obtained by drilling an object like No. 5. H. 3.4 cm. From Fg.
5 Half a mace-head (?); hard black limestone. Grooves produced by drilling visible in the bore. H. 9 cm. [Cf.
Troja u. Ilion, I ' Keulenkopf,' p. 323, fig. 259 (1st City); pp. 377, 379, figs. 337, 343 (2nd -5th Cities.)]
6 Perforated weight of clay; an irregular sphere, 1 hole. Gr. D. 6.6 cm. [Cf. types from Zakro Pit, B. S. A. VI I, p. 127,
fig. 38.]
7 Perforated weight of clay; a cylinder with central vertical hole. D. c. 3.7 cm. Th. 1.5 cm.
8 Perforated weight of clay; a flat disc, with 2 holes and marks incised below them. D. c. 6 cm.
9, 10 Perforated weights of clay; flat discs with i hole. D. 8.2 cm. Th. c. 1.4 cm. [Cf. Knossos, B.S. A. VIII, p. 24.]
11 Shoemaker's last, of coarse clay. Sharp edges at front and back of leg, produced by mould. Small hole piercing top at
centre has outlet on side invisible in drawing, c. 3 cm. below top. H. 15.5 cm. L. (inc.) 15.5 cm. W. at heel,
4.5 cm. W. at toe end, c. 6.5 cm.
12 Triangular polisher of fine gray-veined limestone. L. 8.6 cm. H. 3 cm. W. 1.9cm. From 11. H. Reg. No. 331.
13 Polisher of conical shape of gray-veined limestone. H. 5 cm. Base D. 4.3 cm. Reg. No. 558.
14 Muller, a truncated cone, with groove in top for finger. Gray-veined limestone. H. 10 cm. Reg. No. 330.
15 Muller, 4-sided, with groove in top for finger. Pinkstone. H.8.2cm. Base, c. 5.2 cm. x 4.6 cm. Reg. No. 408.
16 Muller, sub-conical. Trachyte. H. 9.7 cm. Base D. 5.1 cm. Reg. No. 410.
17 Muller, with 4 sub-triangular faces. Fine limestone, pink-veined. H. 8.5 cm. Reg. No. 409.
18 Muller, with three depressions for grasp of fingers. Coarse red clay. H.i2cm. Base D. c. 7.8 cm. Reg. No. 3379.
19 Polisher, natural stone. Hard black limestone. H. 6.1 cm. Reg. No. 595.
20 Perforated weight. Uncut stone of irregular bell-shape, horizontally bored. H. 6.1 cm. Reg. No. 422.
21 Perforated weight of clay; a truncated, 4-sided pyramid, horizontally bored. H.7.2cm. Base, c. 5.1 cm. square.
22 Perforated weight of clay; type of No. 21, but very small. H.3.9cm. Base c. 1.9 cm. square.
23 Perforated weight of stone; a cylinder cut in 8 faces, vertically bored. H. 5.4 cm. D. 4.2 cm. From A 42.
24 Pan weight (?) or polisher. Corners slightly grooved, worn by suspension cord or for grasp of fingers. Fine gray-
veined limestone. L. 9.5 cm. W. 6.6 cm. Reg. No. 332.
25 Pan weight (?) or polisher, with rounded corners and handle(?). Pinkish-yellow stone. L. 6.4 cm.
26 Small hammer. Gray-and white-veined limestone. L. 5 cm. Reg No. 559.
27 Small hammer, dove-shaped. Limestone. L., without handle, 6.5 cm. Reg. No. 593.
28 Small hammer, hoof-shaped. Limestone; much worn on bottom. H. 7.3 cm.
29 Whetstone, cut oblong, worn on upper surface. L.I I cm. W. 4.1cm. Th.2.2cm. Reg.No.417.
30 Whetstone like No. 29, but tapering to rounded end. L. 10.1 cm. W. 3.2 cm. Th. 1.9 cm. Reg. No. 416.
31 Whetstone, uncut, tongue-shaped. L. 14.4 cm. W. 4.3 cm. Th. 2.4 cm.
32 Oval stone with slight depression in top and bottom. L. 11.3 cm. Th. 3.6 cm.
33 'Hammer-stone'with circular depression 9 mm. deep in top and bottom. D. 8.6 cm. Th. 3.6 cm. Reg. No. 413.
34 Limestone piercer, uncut. L. 5.7 cm, Th. 2.2 cm.
35 Plasterer's float. Steatite. L. 40.9 cm. W. 7.2 cm. H. 5.6 cm. H. with handle 11.2 cm. (Cf. Text above.)
36 Hollow object, closed at bottom, with hole (D. 5 mm.) in centre. Pink clay; black-brown paint. H. 8.7 cm.
37 Large sledge-hammer, excellent shape; unwrought. Limestone. H. 15.1 cm. L. 15.1 cm. W. 7.2 cm.
38 Large sledge-hammer, unwrought. Limestone. H. 15 cm. L. c. 23 cm. Reg. No. 592.
39 Very heavy sledge-hammer, almost spherical; unwrought. Limestone. H. 17 cm. D. c. 16 cm.
40 Oval stone weight with 2 parallel grooves (side view). H.9.1 cm. W. 7.4 cm. Th. 4.9 cm. (Cf. Text above.)
41 Round 'hammer-stone,'transversely bored. D. 10.2 cm. Th. 5.2 cm. Reg. No. 411.
42 Fragment of color-box, showing groove for thumb, one whole compartment and parts of others for single colors,
with a middle space in which to mix them. Red-brown clay; dark surface, hand-polished. L. 11.2 cm. W. 9.2
cm. Th. 0.8 cm.
43 Four-legged table for grinding colors. Hard limestone; upper surface worn smooth. L. 25.5 cm. W. 14.5 cm. H.
9 cm. From G 31. Reg. No. 405. [Similar tables have been found in Egypt.]
44 Pestle of superior fabric. Gray-and-white veined limestone. H. 13.8 cm. Reg. No. 329.
45 Pestle, well made. Limestone. H. 13.7 cm. Base D. 7.6 cm. Top D. 5.9 cm. Reg. No. 407.
46 Small mortar and pestle. Mortar of trachyte, carefully cut. H. 7.5 cm. D. 13 cm. Reg. No. 66. Pestle an un-
wrought stone. H. 10.2 cm. Gt. D. 7.1 cm. From east of Fl.
47 Corn-rubber (end view). Fine pinkish-yellow stone, very smooth. L. I!.! cm. Section 7.1 cm.x6.i cm.
48 Corn-rubber (side view). Pink limestone ('false porphyry'?). L. 14.8 cm. Section 6.2 cm. x 5.2 cm.
49 Corn-rubber of hard black limestone. A cube with rounded corners, c. 4.4 cm. on edge.
50 Saddle quern, a curved slab of stone, well worn. Trachyte. L. 38 cm. W. at blunt end 7.3 cm. Phila.
51 Corn-rubber; one broad side much worn. Trachyte. L. 39.3 cm. Section 7.5 cm. x 5.9 cm. Reg. No. 402
52 Large pestle, shaped like an ' Indian club.' Unwrought stone. H.24cm. From F 6. Reg. No. 406.
53 Stone mould for knife blade, 14 cm. long (cf. PI. IV 55). Th. of stone 4 cm. From Fh. Reg. No. 399.
54 Fragment of stone with 2 moulds for nails (cf. PI. IV 26). L. of stone 5.5 cm. From Fh. Reg. No. 401.
55 Flat stone for cover of moulds. L.c. 10cm. Th. 1.2cm. From Fh.
56 Stone 'palette' or slab for grinding colors; surface worn. Fine groove, parallel with edge. L. 16.2 cm. Th.
3.5 cm. [Cf. Naqada and Ballas, PI. L.; Koumassa, B. S. A. XII, p. 10 ff.; Phaestos, Mon. Ant. XII, p. 34, fig. 42.]
57 Crucible (partly restored) with spout and 3 feet. Steatite. H. 7 cm. D. 13 cm. From C 24. Reg. No. 317.
58 Smelting-pot (?), cylindrical, with 2 opposite holes for a carrying rod (?). Gritty red clay. Bottom worn through. H. 14.1
cm. Base D. 7.4 cm. Reg. No. 23.
59 Steatite kettle with bridge-spout and knobbed cover. H. 8.3 cm. Base D. 9.8 cm. Reg. Nos. 318, 319.
60 Large steatite cup with tubular spout and handle. H. 13 cm. Th. 1.5 cm. From C 66 . Reg. No. 91.
61 Large steatite kettle; 2 opposite horizontal handles, a knob and a lug. H. 13 cm. From C 14. Reg. No. 324.
62 Stone mould for narrow blade or large nail, 8 cm. long. Th. of stone 1.7 cm. From Fh. Reg. No. 400.
63 Fragment of stone mould for axe-head, 5.3 cm. long. Th.of stone 2.2 cm. From Fh. Reg. No. 398. [Cf. Troja u.
Ilion I. Beilage 45 zu S. 368.]
64 Three-legged basin (mortar?). Trachyte. H. 20.8 cm. Depth of basin 9.5 cm. From G 19. Reg. No. 402.
65 Three-legged basin, excellent shape. Trachyte. H. 16.5 cm. Depth of basin 4.3 cm. From G 26 on stair. Reg.
No. 403.
66 Low 3-legged basin. Trachyte. H. 14.2 cm. Depth of basin 3.6 cm. From C 34. Phila.
67 Stone of irregular shape with 13 moulds (described above). L. 31cm. W. 11cm. H. 8.8 cm. From E 10. Reg.
No. 397.
32
Stone hammers of all sizes came to light in our excavations—from such as would drive small pegs
or nails (Nos. 26, 28), to others that would break heavy stones or jam the cobbles of a pavement (Nos.
37—39)• They are not wrought in any way, but are natural stones chosen for their suitable form.
It should be noted that some of these stones are roughly suggestive of animals, especially of the dove
(No. 27), and may have been considered ' lucky' or of some fetish value. Whetstones are either tongue-
shaped (No. 31), oblong (No. 29), or sub-triangular (No. 30), the last being sometimes bored at the
narrow end for hanging. The material aKovowerpa is still quarried from a mountain c. 15 miles n. w. of
Gournia, and its export is a source of wealth for the modern village of Elunta as it was for the classical
city Olus, which occupied almost the same site.
Mortars and pestles played an important part in the life of the ancient burghers; some are stones
of convenient form left unfashioned, others have been shaped with care, Nos. 45, 46; Nos. 64-66 may
also be mortars, but there are classical vase paintings which suggest that they were basins for water.
One pestle has even received a high polish (No. 44). An unwrought stone which resembles a ninepin
in shape, and would make an admirable club, was probably a pestle for one of the large mortars that
stand just within the street-door of many houses (in A 30, 48; B 5, 14; C 6, 17, 47; D 21, 25, 37; F 27).
These are rough stones, often of considerable size, in which a natural hollow seems to have been made
deeper by use; in one case a hole has actually been worn through. They either stand on the paved floor
or are sunk beneath it to the rim. No pestle has been found with any of these, and their position close
to the outer door has induced some archaeologists to believe that they served some other purpose than
the one of pounding and grinding, or that some special significance was attached to their use. Stone
kettles (Nos. 59-61) require a greater fire to heat them than vessels of clay, but retain their heat longer,
and can stand a higher temperature; probably they were made for use in crafts rather than in cooking.
Certain tools are of more than ordinary interest because they relate to special trades. Three
examples were found of a foot-shaped clay object, best explained as a shoemaker's last. As in the
wooden article of to-day, a hole is bored straight down for about one inch from the middle of the top,
and then out at one side. By means of a cord passed through this hole, the last could be hung up, or
pulled out of the shoe that was shaped over it. The men figured on the Vaphio cups wear low bus-
kins which correspond to the form from Gournia; but the small size of our most perfect example
(No. 11) either precludes the possibility of its being for the shoe of a full-grown man, or postulates a
very small race. Of the other examples, one is of practically the same size as No. 11, the other is about
CLAY TOOLS
two-thirds as large. The shape of the sole is that of a spreading 'common-sense'shoe, with scarcely
any contraction at the instep. To some readers it will no doubt occur that such objects may be votive
representations of a human foot, which had been cured from disease; but against this view one must
note that they are much larger than the usual simulacra of this sort, that no other parts of the body
are so represented at Gournia, and that they were not found in connection with the Shrine or other
religious objects. A large stone tool, shaped like a plane (No. 35), but having no cutting edge in the
sole, was probably used as a float for smoothing plaster or concrete on the floors of courts, halls, and
baths—it would be too heavy for smoothing walls, (cf. wooden 'plasterers' floats'from Illahun). Certain
hollow, spool-shaped articles may be reels or small ring-stands, for supporting vessels which have a
pointed base; my notes say, however, that the one figured on our Plate No. 36, is possibly the bottom
of a vase. The Gournia painter of vases and frescoes left behind him his colors, red, yellow, and blue,
stone tables (No. 43) and slabs (No. 56) for grinding them, and part of a clay color-box (No. 42).
Slabs and tables have a well-worn surface; the color-box fragment shows a groove at one end for the
thumb, and small compartments for single colors on either side of an oblong space where they could
be mixed. That bronze was cast on the site is proved by a stone crucible (No. 57), a clay pot
for carrying a charge of metal (No. 58), numerous stone moulds (Nos. 53, 54, 62, 63) with their covers
(No. 55), and scraps of bronze and slag. One object more than any other made the distant past live
in our imaginations. This was a block of schist of irregular shape (No. 67A), with flat top and bottom.
In the upper surface, which is scored at random, as if by idle hands, a mould is cut for casting a chisel
(cf. PI. IV, 9-11); in one side (No. 67A) five moulds for nails, bars, or awls are cut lengthwise; on
the opposite side four upright moulds for nails are visible (No. 67B); on the bottom are two
moulds for narrow chisels (cf. PI. IV, 12-15), cut one on either side of a mould for a broad chisel, like
the one on top of the block. This stone was so precious a possession that when it cracked in a jagged
line across the top, the owner used the utmost care in mending it. First he drew a narrow strip of
bronze twice around the block binding this fast with turns of the strip, and then he drove in flat stones
as wedges between the strip of metal and the block, two on one side (No. 67A), and one broken in two
pieces on the other—a neat piece of work, that brings us in very close touch with the everyday life of
the burghers. The block was found at the door of E 10, where it had been dropped by a plunderer
or by the owner himself, trying to save his possessions from a burning house; perhaps because of the
break, he cast it aside, for us to save 3500 years later.
! Ground stone axe-head, hard limestone, bevelled on 2 sides to a sharp edge. L. 7.6 cm. From A 18. Reg. No. 418.
2 Like No. 1. L. (inc.) 5.1 cm. [Cf. Troja u. Ilion I; fig. 253 (1st City), figs. 311—314 (2nd~5th Cities).]
3 Spherical sling-stone, hard limestone. D. c. 4 cm.
4 Fragment of a limestone core, obtained by drilling an object like No. 5. H. 3.4 cm. From Fg.
5 Half a mace-head (?); hard black limestone. Grooves produced by drilling visible in the bore. H. 9 cm. [Cf.
Troja u. Ilion, I ' Keulenkopf,' p. 323, fig. 259 (1st City); pp. 377, 379, figs. 337, 343 (2nd -5th Cities.)]
6 Perforated weight of clay; an irregular sphere, 1 hole. Gr. D. 6.6 cm. [Cf. types from Zakro Pit, B. S. A. VI I, p. 127,
fig. 38.]
7 Perforated weight of clay; a cylinder with central vertical hole. D. c. 3.7 cm. Th. 1.5 cm.
8 Perforated weight of clay; a flat disc, with 2 holes and marks incised below them. D. c. 6 cm.
9, 10 Perforated weights of clay; flat discs with i hole. D. 8.2 cm. Th. c. 1.4 cm. [Cf. Knossos, B.S. A. VIII, p. 24.]
11 Shoemaker's last, of coarse clay. Sharp edges at front and back of leg, produced by mould. Small hole piercing top at
centre has outlet on side invisible in drawing, c. 3 cm. below top. H. 15.5 cm. L. (inc.) 15.5 cm. W. at heel,
4.5 cm. W. at toe end, c. 6.5 cm.
12 Triangular polisher of fine gray-veined limestone. L. 8.6 cm. H. 3 cm. W. 1.9cm. From 11. H. Reg. No. 331.
13 Polisher of conical shape of gray-veined limestone. H. 5 cm. Base D. 4.3 cm. Reg. No. 558.
14 Muller, a truncated cone, with groove in top for finger. Gray-veined limestone. H. 10 cm. Reg. No. 330.
15 Muller, 4-sided, with groove in top for finger. Pinkstone. H.8.2cm. Base, c. 5.2 cm. x 4.6 cm. Reg. No. 408.
16 Muller, sub-conical. Trachyte. H. 9.7 cm. Base D. 5.1 cm. Reg. No. 410.
17 Muller, with 4 sub-triangular faces. Fine limestone, pink-veined. H. 8.5 cm. Reg. No. 409.
18 Muller, with three depressions for grasp of fingers. Coarse red clay. H.i2cm. Base D. c. 7.8 cm. Reg. No. 3379.
19 Polisher, natural stone. Hard black limestone. H. 6.1 cm. Reg. No. 595.
20 Perforated weight. Uncut stone of irregular bell-shape, horizontally bored. H. 6.1 cm. Reg. No. 422.
21 Perforated weight of clay; a truncated, 4-sided pyramid, horizontally bored. H.7.2cm. Base, c. 5.1 cm. square.
22 Perforated weight of clay; type of No. 21, but very small. H.3.9cm. Base c. 1.9 cm. square.
23 Perforated weight of stone; a cylinder cut in 8 faces, vertically bored. H. 5.4 cm. D. 4.2 cm. From A 42.
24 Pan weight (?) or polisher. Corners slightly grooved, worn by suspension cord or for grasp of fingers. Fine gray-
veined limestone. L. 9.5 cm. W. 6.6 cm. Reg. No. 332.
25 Pan weight (?) or polisher, with rounded corners and handle(?). Pinkish-yellow stone. L. 6.4 cm.
26 Small hammer. Gray-and white-veined limestone. L. 5 cm. Reg No. 559.
27 Small hammer, dove-shaped. Limestone. L., without handle, 6.5 cm. Reg. No. 593.
28 Small hammer, hoof-shaped. Limestone; much worn on bottom. H. 7.3 cm.
29 Whetstone, cut oblong, worn on upper surface. L.I I cm. W. 4.1cm. Th.2.2cm. Reg.No.417.
30 Whetstone like No. 29, but tapering to rounded end. L. 10.1 cm. W. 3.2 cm. Th. 1.9 cm. Reg. No. 416.
31 Whetstone, uncut, tongue-shaped. L. 14.4 cm. W. 4.3 cm. Th. 2.4 cm.
32 Oval stone with slight depression in top and bottom. L. 11.3 cm. Th. 3.6 cm.
33 'Hammer-stone'with circular depression 9 mm. deep in top and bottom. D. 8.6 cm. Th. 3.6 cm. Reg. No. 413.
34 Limestone piercer, uncut. L. 5.7 cm, Th. 2.2 cm.
35 Plasterer's float. Steatite. L. 40.9 cm. W. 7.2 cm. H. 5.6 cm. H. with handle 11.2 cm. (Cf. Text above.)
36 Hollow object, closed at bottom, with hole (D. 5 mm.) in centre. Pink clay; black-brown paint. H. 8.7 cm.
37 Large sledge-hammer, excellent shape; unwrought. Limestone. H. 15.1 cm. L. 15.1 cm. W. 7.2 cm.
38 Large sledge-hammer, unwrought. Limestone. H. 15 cm. L. c. 23 cm. Reg. No. 592.
39 Very heavy sledge-hammer, almost spherical; unwrought. Limestone. H. 17 cm. D. c. 16 cm.
40 Oval stone weight with 2 parallel grooves (side view). H.9.1 cm. W. 7.4 cm. Th. 4.9 cm. (Cf. Text above.)
41 Round 'hammer-stone,'transversely bored. D. 10.2 cm. Th. 5.2 cm. Reg. No. 411.
42 Fragment of color-box, showing groove for thumb, one whole compartment and parts of others for single colors,
with a middle space in which to mix them. Red-brown clay; dark surface, hand-polished. L. 11.2 cm. W. 9.2
cm. Th. 0.8 cm.
43 Four-legged table for grinding colors. Hard limestone; upper surface worn smooth. L. 25.5 cm. W. 14.5 cm. H.
9 cm. From G 31. Reg. No. 405. [Similar tables have been found in Egypt.]
44 Pestle of superior fabric. Gray-and-white veined limestone. H. 13.8 cm. Reg. No. 329.
45 Pestle, well made. Limestone. H. 13.7 cm. Base D. 7.6 cm. Top D. 5.9 cm. Reg. No. 407.
46 Small mortar and pestle. Mortar of trachyte, carefully cut. H. 7.5 cm. D. 13 cm. Reg. No. 66. Pestle an un-
wrought stone. H. 10.2 cm. Gt. D. 7.1 cm. From east of Fl.
47 Corn-rubber (end view). Fine pinkish-yellow stone, very smooth. L. I!.! cm. Section 7.1 cm.x6.i cm.
48 Corn-rubber (side view). Pink limestone ('false porphyry'?). L. 14.8 cm. Section 6.2 cm. x 5.2 cm.
49 Corn-rubber of hard black limestone. A cube with rounded corners, c. 4.4 cm. on edge.
50 Saddle quern, a curved slab of stone, well worn. Trachyte. L. 38 cm. W. at blunt end 7.3 cm. Phila.
51 Corn-rubber; one broad side much worn. Trachyte. L. 39.3 cm. Section 7.5 cm. x 5.9 cm. Reg. No. 402
52 Large pestle, shaped like an ' Indian club.' Unwrought stone. H.24cm. From F 6. Reg. No. 406.
53 Stone mould for knife blade, 14 cm. long (cf. PI. IV 55). Th. of stone 4 cm. From Fh. Reg. No. 399.
54 Fragment of stone with 2 moulds for nails (cf. PI. IV 26). L. of stone 5.5 cm. From Fh. Reg. No. 401.
55 Flat stone for cover of moulds. L.c. 10cm. Th. 1.2cm. From Fh.
56 Stone 'palette' or slab for grinding colors; surface worn. Fine groove, parallel with edge. L. 16.2 cm. Th.
3.5 cm. [Cf. Naqada and Ballas, PI. L.; Koumassa, B. S. A. XII, p. 10 ff.; Phaestos, Mon. Ant. XII, p. 34, fig. 42.]
57 Crucible (partly restored) with spout and 3 feet. Steatite. H. 7 cm. D. 13 cm. From C 24. Reg. No. 317.
58 Smelting-pot (?), cylindrical, with 2 opposite holes for a carrying rod (?). Gritty red clay. Bottom worn through. H. 14.1
cm. Base D. 7.4 cm. Reg. No. 23.
59 Steatite kettle with bridge-spout and knobbed cover. H. 8.3 cm. Base D. 9.8 cm. Reg. Nos. 318, 319.
60 Large steatite cup with tubular spout and handle. H. 13 cm. Th. 1.5 cm. From C 66 . Reg. No. 91.
61 Large steatite kettle; 2 opposite horizontal handles, a knob and a lug. H. 13 cm. From C 14. Reg. No. 324.
62 Stone mould for narrow blade or large nail, 8 cm. long. Th. of stone 1.7 cm. From Fh. Reg. No. 400.
63 Fragment of stone mould for axe-head, 5.3 cm. long. Th.of stone 2.2 cm. From Fh. Reg. No. 398. [Cf. Troja u.
Ilion I. Beilage 45 zu S. 368.]
64 Three-legged basin (mortar?). Trachyte. H. 20.8 cm. Depth of basin 9.5 cm. From G 19. Reg. No. 402.
65 Three-legged basin, excellent shape. Trachyte. H. 16.5 cm. Depth of basin 4.3 cm. From G 26 on stair. Reg.
No. 403.
66 Low 3-legged basin. Trachyte. H. 14.2 cm. Depth of basin 3.6 cm. From C 34. Phila.
67 Stone of irregular shape with 13 moulds (described above). L. 31cm. W. 11cm. H. 8.8 cm. From E 10. Reg.
No. 397.
32