DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.16205#0071
APPENDIX G. NOTES ON CRANIA
THE first cranium pictured below is that referred to on page 56 as found in a rock-shelter at
Gournia, and belongs to the First or Second Early Minoan Period. The maxillae, the facial
and basilar portion of the skull are missing, therefore the possible measurements are limited.
There is an extraordinary occipital protuberance which is apparently not racial but individual.
This has been slightly exaggerated by the superincumbent earth, to which is also due a certain splaying
of the skull laterally. If we assume these longitudinal and lateral alterations to be approximately
equal, then we may consider the present breadth index as correct.
fig. 43 cranium from gournia (e. m. i or ii).
max. length, 180 mm. max. breadth, 146 mm. breadth index, 8l.i. horizontal circum., 514 mm.
Of eighty-five crania belonging to the Early and Middle Minoan periods measured by Dr. Duck-
worth, the average index was found to be 73.4 (males), 73.0 (females). But among these types of the
dolichocephalic Mediterranean race were found 8.5 per cent of brachycephals. It is to this minority
of broad heads that this specimen belongs.
The second skull here represented is mentioned on page 46, and was found at Ai'sa Langadha. It
belongs to a much later period than the former, namely, to the Third Late Minoan. A large number of
measurements is obtainable since the mandible alone is missing.
fig. 44 cranium from AlSA langadha (l. m. iii).
max. length, 172 mm. max. breadth, 138 mm. breadth index, 8o.2. horizontal circum., 498 mm. basion to
nasion, 96 mm. basion to prosthion, 94 mm. bi-zygomatic width, 120 mm. nasion to prosthion, 72 mm. facial
index, 60. cranial capacity, I285 c.c. (by shot). nasal length, 5 i mm. nasal breadth, 23 mm. nasal index, 45.1.
The smooth outlines and the delicacy of structure are evidences that we have here the skull of a
woman: and the condition of the five teeth and sutures suggest her age, at death, to have been about
thirty-five. This specimen also just comes within the brachycephalic class. It is orthognathous,
chamaeprosopic and leptorhine.
At this period there seems to have been an increase in the numbers of brachycephals, for of seven
crania (L. M. Ill) examined by Mr. C. H. Hawes three were mesocephals and four brachycephals.
It may be that this individual was the offspring of an invading brachycephalic Northerner, and a doli-
chocephalic native woman of the Mediterranean race.
59
THE first cranium pictured below is that referred to on page 56 as found in a rock-shelter at
Gournia, and belongs to the First or Second Early Minoan Period. The maxillae, the facial
and basilar portion of the skull are missing, therefore the possible measurements are limited.
There is an extraordinary occipital protuberance which is apparently not racial but individual.
This has been slightly exaggerated by the superincumbent earth, to which is also due a certain splaying
of the skull laterally. If we assume these longitudinal and lateral alterations to be approximately
equal, then we may consider the present breadth index as correct.
fig. 43 cranium from gournia (e. m. i or ii).
max. length, 180 mm. max. breadth, 146 mm. breadth index, 8l.i. horizontal circum., 514 mm.
Of eighty-five crania belonging to the Early and Middle Minoan periods measured by Dr. Duck-
worth, the average index was found to be 73.4 (males), 73.0 (females). But among these types of the
dolichocephalic Mediterranean race were found 8.5 per cent of brachycephals. It is to this minority
of broad heads that this specimen belongs.
The second skull here represented is mentioned on page 46, and was found at Ai'sa Langadha. It
belongs to a much later period than the former, namely, to the Third Late Minoan. A large number of
measurements is obtainable since the mandible alone is missing.
fig. 44 cranium from AlSA langadha (l. m. iii).
max. length, 172 mm. max. breadth, 138 mm. breadth index, 8o.2. horizontal circum., 498 mm. basion to
nasion, 96 mm. basion to prosthion, 94 mm. bi-zygomatic width, 120 mm. nasion to prosthion, 72 mm. facial
index, 60. cranial capacity, I285 c.c. (by shot). nasal length, 5 i mm. nasal breadth, 23 mm. nasal index, 45.1.
The smooth outlines and the delicacy of structure are evidences that we have here the skull of a
woman: and the condition of the five teeth and sutures suggest her age, at death, to have been about
thirty-five. This specimen also just comes within the brachycephalic class. It is orthognathous,
chamaeprosopic and leptorhine.
At this period there seems to have been an increase in the numbers of brachycephals, for of seven
crania (L. M. Ill) examined by Mr. C. H. Hawes three were mesocephals and four brachycephals.
It may be that this individual was the offspring of an invading brachycephalic Northerner, and a doli-
chocephalic native woman of the Mediterranean race.
59