Hoey, William: A monograph on trade and manufactures in Northern India (Lucknow, 1880)

The first head in the foregoing table represents in the fourth column ani-
mals imported for slaughter exclusive of animals supplied to the Commissariat.
The average weight of flesh isin the case of a goat or sheep 12 seers and about 35
seers per head in the case of large animals. The total weight of flesh thus put in
the market is 22,74,634 seer per years. The Muhammadan and Christian popula-
tion of the City is 1,66,273.* This gives less than 14 seers per annum, or *6 of a
chittak per diem to each non-Hindu member of the population. The average con-
sumption per diem of animal food is estimated by butchers in Lucknow at 4 chittaks
per household of 5 persons or -8 of a chittak per head. This will show that the octroi
returns of animals imported for slaughter do not adequately represent the number
consumed and points to a very large business in the breeding of animals for
slaughter within municipal limits or to the evasion of octroi duty, possibly to both.

Bambds and Canes.—The octroi duty on these is levied at 4 per cent, on
value and the price by which value is calculated is always given on the hundred.
Hence the return which the octroi department has furnished is in numbers.
I have separated the octroi number for railway imports from those by road and
boat. The railway returns are by weight and the items Canes and Rattans include
bambus, but as I could not be sure that the 90,191 bambus and canes entered
in the octroi returns as imported by rail were actually the 185 mds. 30 seers of
Canes and Rattans shown by the Railway Company (in fact the numbers are
utterly inconsistent with the weight) I have shown both. Some interesting facts
regarding trade in bambus will be found in Part III. under the head Bdns-farosh.

The statistics regarding raw cotton and cotton twist and yarn being altogether
railway returns require no comment. Their headings suggest all that can be said.

Drugs and Medicines.—I have had much difficulty in separating drugs
and medicines from kirana (groceries) in octroi returns and it was often doubt-
ful uuder which head I should place some items.

Asafcetida (bing) comes from Cabul. Other drugs not intoxicating have been
restricted as far as possible to the ordinary bazar medicines sold by attars and
pansaris. The bulk of these are wild products brought from jungles and vil-
lage waste lands.

Pan is imported by rail as well as by cart and yet the Railway columns in
the return furnished me are blank. It is imported by rail from Bardwfin,
Mahoba, and Bengal generally, and from Unao, Barabanki and Rai Bareli dis-
tricts by cart and headload. For further notes vide Tamboli in Part III.

Opium shows only the Government drug.

t Ganja is the leaf, branch and seed of the hemp-plant gathered and press-
ed together when damp with dew. It is imported from Gwaliyar, Sheopur,
Kularas, Khandwa, and Sanaud. There is a variety called Baluchar imported
from Cabul and another called Kalidar from Naipal.

t Bhang comes in the form of crushed leaves from Hardoi and Bahraich and
Gondah. Through the second named place the Nepalese product comes from
NepalgaDj._____________________________

* I have omitted Hindus altogether, although Kashmiris, Kayaths, Bangah's, Panjabfs, Khatrfs and
some other Hindus in Lucknow eat animal food as a regular article of diet.

t Natives call ganja a male plant and bhanj female (not grammatically) hut whether the difference is bo-
tanically correct I cannot say.