DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.4945#0338
The Goddess. 327
of a relatively more advanced development than the others (see p. 172), all
may be regarded as of an earlier type than the Delian representation.
B. Seated type, without attributes.
We have only two examples of this type in the Primitive Treasure, which
differ in that one is draped and the other nude ; and one of these, the amber
figurine, can only be classed doubtfully as a seated figure. The type reappears
in the period of the Croesus Temple, from which we have recovered
two examples and the head of a third. It will be sufficient to observe
that seated female figures, both draped and nude, have a wide range in
Primitive art from Phoenicia, Cyprus and Rhodes (e.g., Heuzey, Fig. ant. du
Louvre, 1S83, pi. u, nos. 1, 2) to Sardinia (P.C., iii, fig. 322); and are
especially common in Asia Minor, where the type of the seated Niobe of
Sipylus (P.C., iv, fig. 365) appears often on Cappadocian monuments (P.C., iv,
fig- 337' Eyuk ; Rccueil de Travaux (ed. Maspero) xiv., pi. vi., Fraktin,
etc.), and in terracotta cult-figurines to be seen in all great museums. It
appears that the early Ionian sculptor, Endoeus, thus represented a goddess
at Ephesus (Athenag., Leg. pro Christ, xiv, p. 6); and that the closely-related
goddess, Hekate, was also portrayed seated. The hands in this type of
figurine rest indifferently on the knees or on the breasts, a variation in attitude
probably of no particular significance (cp. S. Reinach in Anthropologic, 1895,
p. 293, who maintains that it is a geste indifferent: the figure being simply
in a difficulty que faire de ses bras).
C. Erect, with various objects in the hands.
1. Lyre. Compare Artemis ^eXurt?, holding a primitive type of
tortoise-shell at Sparta (Clem. Alex. 33; cp. Homer, Hymn. Aph. 18);
and Artemis represented at Megara with plectrum (Farnell, Cults etc., ii,
p. 536). Also Artemis Hyfnnia in Arcadia.
2. Spindle. Compare the Primitive Erythraean statue of Athena by
Endoeus with ^\a«-arr/ in each hand (Paus. vii, 5, 9). Our statuette is
possibly a type of Artemis Ergane ; but also possibly not a goddess, or
even a female statuette at all (see p. 174).
3. Birds. Seated and standing figures holding birds are common,
but the latter are usually supposed in all cases to be doves. A Cypriote
figure of Astarte ? (more probably the local Favaacra, Aphrodite), published
in P.C. iii, fig. 142, seems, however, to be holding an aquiline or accipi-
trine bird. The bird which accompanies the seated goddess in some
of a relatively more advanced development than the others (see p. 172), all
may be regarded as of an earlier type than the Delian representation.
B. Seated type, without attributes.
We have only two examples of this type in the Primitive Treasure, which
differ in that one is draped and the other nude ; and one of these, the amber
figurine, can only be classed doubtfully as a seated figure. The type reappears
in the period of the Croesus Temple, from which we have recovered
two examples and the head of a third. It will be sufficient to observe
that seated female figures, both draped and nude, have a wide range in
Primitive art from Phoenicia, Cyprus and Rhodes (e.g., Heuzey, Fig. ant. du
Louvre, 1S83, pi. u, nos. 1, 2) to Sardinia (P.C., iii, fig. 322); and are
especially common in Asia Minor, where the type of the seated Niobe of
Sipylus (P.C., iv, fig. 365) appears often on Cappadocian monuments (P.C., iv,
fig- 337' Eyuk ; Rccueil de Travaux (ed. Maspero) xiv., pi. vi., Fraktin,
etc.), and in terracotta cult-figurines to be seen in all great museums. It
appears that the early Ionian sculptor, Endoeus, thus represented a goddess
at Ephesus (Athenag., Leg. pro Christ, xiv, p. 6); and that the closely-related
goddess, Hekate, was also portrayed seated. The hands in this type of
figurine rest indifferently on the knees or on the breasts, a variation in attitude
probably of no particular significance (cp. S. Reinach in Anthropologic, 1895,
p. 293, who maintains that it is a geste indifferent: the figure being simply
in a difficulty que faire de ses bras).
C. Erect, with various objects in the hands.
1. Lyre. Compare Artemis ^eXurt?, holding a primitive type of
tortoise-shell at Sparta (Clem. Alex. 33; cp. Homer, Hymn. Aph. 18);
and Artemis represented at Megara with plectrum (Farnell, Cults etc., ii,
p. 536). Also Artemis Hyfnnia in Arcadia.
2. Spindle. Compare the Primitive Erythraean statue of Athena by
Endoeus with ^\a«-arr/ in each hand (Paus. vii, 5, 9). Our statuette is
possibly a type of Artemis Ergane ; but also possibly not a goddess, or
even a female statuette at all (see p. 174).
3. Birds. Seated and standing figures holding birds are common,
but the latter are usually supposed in all cases to be doves. A Cypriote
figure of Astarte ? (more probably the local Favaacra, Aphrodite), published
in P.C. iii, fig. 142, seems, however, to be holding an aquiline or accipi-
trine bird. The bird which accompanies the seated goddess in some