International studio (26.1905)

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bowls, soldering to
the bottoms three
small silver balls
for feet. These
balls may be pur-
chased at any jew-
eller's supply
house.
CASSEROLE
COVERS
Covers for cas-
seroles are treated
like very shallow
bowls. The exact
outline of the dish
is drawn on the
copper and a half
inchoutsideofthis
is marked a sec-
ond circle for the
flange of the lid.
The edge is turned
over sharply to
make the lid fit
the casserole, especial precaution being necessary
to make the outline of the cover follow the lip
of the dish. (Fig. 3).
A suitable design, previously prepared, is now
transferred to the inside of the cover, where it is out-
lined with a scratch point. A bed of chasing pitch,
which serves both as a support for the metal and a
resisting cushion for the tool, should have been
previously prepared on a heavy board large enough
to hold the cover. Both cover and pitch are now
warmed until the cover can be pressed down into
the pitch, concave side up. Allow it (o cool until it
is of the temperature of the hand. The parts of the
design that are to be in relief are hammered down
by holding the end of the tool (Fig. 4) against the
metal with the left hand, and varying the blows
with the right, so as to block out the general effect
of the design. Some parts of the design will need a
strong accent, which may be given by using smaller
and sharper tools. (Fig. g). If, for example, the
crab design is used, the accent will be on the eye,
the spurs of the claw, or other parts of the body,
according to the demands of the design. The design
may be rendered more characteristic by a suggestion
of the harmonious water lines. After the design is
blocked in, the cover is taken from the pitch by
heating it with a Bunsen burner, and is cleaned
with kerosene. It is next placed on the pitch again,
right side up, so that the shapes may be refined by
working the background down, and smoothing the

relief by
u s-i n g flat
plenishers
and outlin-
es.
The han-
dle for the
cover is
made from
a strip of
copper five
and one-half TURNING CASSEROLE EDGE
inches long,
one-half inch wide, and one-eighth inch thick. After
annealing the metal, flatten its ends by hammering
them on the anvil with a heavy hammer. Shape the
handle into any form desired on the horn of a vise,
finishing the edges to the required smoothness by
filing. Now drill holes through both ends of the
handle and the cover, to receive the rivets, which
are fastened in the usual way. This leaves the cover
ready for the silver lining, which completes an ar-
tistic as well as a useful cooking dish.
BUCKLES
To make a buckle, prepare a model in wax, on
some hard, flat surface, like glass, which will show
its size, proportion and simple design. Transfer to
copper, gauge 19,. a carefully prepared outline
drawing of the model designed. Saw just outside
of the outline of the buckle with a piercing saw,
securing the pierced effect by first drilling a hole in
which to insert the saw, and sawing out the shapes.
File the edges with needle files of suitable size and
form, and finish with emery paper, as suggested in
connection with the bowl. The clasp is made of
thin strips of metal (see Fig. 6) and is hard soldered
to the back of the buckle. This is done by scraping
the points of contact perfectly clean, holding them
in position by binding them with wire or clamping
them.
A solution of borax and water is used to act


SMALLER TOOLS AND CLASP


PLAN FOR BLOCK


LXVIII