The institutes of Vishnu (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1880)

XXXII, 4. STUDENTSHIP. I2g
them, derives no benefit from any religious ob-
servance.
io. By honouring his mother, he gains the pre-
sent world; by honouring his father, the world of
gods; and by paying strict obedience to his spiritual
teacher, the world of Brahman.
XXXII.
1. A king, a priest, a learned Bfahma/za, one
who stops wicked proceedings, an Upadhyaya, a
paternal uncle, a maternal grandfather, a maternal
uncle, a father-in-law, an eldest brother, and* 1 * 3 the
parents-in-law of a son or a daughter are equal to
a teacher;
2. And so are their wives, who are equal in caste
to them.
3. And their mother’s sister, their father’s sister,
and 1 their eldest sister.
4. A father-in-law, a paternal uncle, a maternal
has a separate origin, or because she has the sacrificial implements,
such as the pestle and mortar and the like, in her charge; and the
spiritual teacher is said to be of the same nature as the Ahavaniya
fire, because all oblations fall to his share, as the Sm/v’ti says (Y. I,
27), “Let him (the pupil) deliver to him (the teacher)the collected
alms.” ’ (Nand.)
XXXII. i.aM. II, 206. —2. M. II, 210. —3. M. II, 131.— 4.
M. II, 130; Apast. I, 4, 14, 11. — 5, 6. M. II, 210, 211; Apast.
I, 2, 7, 27 ; Gaut. II, 31, 32. — 7. M. II, 129. — 8, 9. M. Xg 205 ;
Y. Ill, 292. — 10. Apast. I, 1, 2, 20. — 11,12. M. II, 201 ; Apast.
I, 2, 8, 15.— 13. M. II, 212 ; Gaut. II, 34. — 14. M. II, 216.—-
15. M. II, 217; Gaut. II, 33 ; VI, 2.— 16. M. II, 136; Gaut. VI,
20. —17. M. II, 135 Apast. I, 4, 14, 25. — 18. M. II, 153.
1. 1 The particle Z’a is used here, according to Nand., in order to
include a paternal grandfather and other persons mentioned in a
Smn’ti.
3. 1 The particle /’a here refers, according to Nand., to the
paternal grandmother and others mentioned in a Smnti.
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