The institutes of Vishnu (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1880)

VISH2VU.

XLIII, 26.

I42

26. Criminals in the fourth degree, for the period
of a Aaturyuga;
27. Those who have committed a crime effecting
loss of caste, for a thousand years ;
28. Those who have committed a crime de-
grading to a mixed caste, for the same period ;
29. Those likewise who have committed a crime
rendering unworthy to receive alms and the like.
30. And those who have committed a crime
causing defilement;
31. Those who have committed one of the mis-
cellaneous crimes, for a great number of years;
32. All sinners who have committed (one of
those nine kinds of) crimes have to suffer terrible
pangs, when they have departed life and entered
upon the path of Yama.
33. Being dragged hither and thither (upon even
and uneven roads), by the dire ministers of Yama,
they are conducted (to hell by them), with menacing
gestures.
34. (There) they are devoured by dogs and
jackals, by hawks, crows, herons, cranes, and other
(carnivorous animals), by (bears and other) animals
having fire in their mouth, and by serpents and
scorpions.
35. They are scorched by blazing fire, pierced by
thorns, divided into parts by saws, and tormented
by thirst.
36. They are agitated by hunger and by fearful
troops of tigers, and faint away at every step on
account of the foul stenches proceeding from pus
and from blood.
31. ‘A great number of years’ means three hundred years.
(Nand.)