The institutes of Vishnu (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1880)

166

VISH2VU.

LL31.

or of animals having a double row of teeth (such as
the Rohita deer).
31. For eating (unawares) the flesh of any bird,
excepting the francoline partridge, the Kapin^ala,
the (quail called) Lavaka, the peahen, and the
peacock, (he must fast) for a day and a night.
32. For eating (knowingly) insects (ants and
others), he must drink for one day (water in which
the plant) Brahmasuvar^ala (has been boiled).
33. For eating (unawares) the flesh of dogs, he
must perform the same penance k
34. For eating (unawares the mushroom called)
A7zattraka, or (the mushroom called) Kavaka, he
must perform the Santapana penance.
35. For eating (unawares) stale food, other than
a mess prepared with barley (such as cakes), or with
wheat (such as gruel), or with milk (boiled with rice,
or mixed with coagulated milk, or otherwise dressed),
and dishes sprinkled with fat (such as clarified
butter), sour gruel, and sweetmeats, he must fast
(for one day).
36. Likewise, (for eating unawares) the juice
flowing from an incision in a tree, (plants raised in)
unclean substances (such as excrements and the
like), and the red exudation of trees.
37. Also, (for eating unawares) the root of the
water-lily; (and for eating) rice boiled with sesamum,
or with beans, Sawyava\ rice boiled in milk with
sugar, pastry, Sashkuli (cakes), or food destined for
33. 1 ‘And he must perform the Santapana penance mentioned
in the next Sutra, as the use of the particle implies.’ (Nand.)
37. 1 Nand. interprets this term by utkarika, which, according
to Wilson, is a sort of sweetmeat made with milk, treacle, and
clarified butter. Kulluka (on M.V, 7) has a somewhat different
interpretation.